Physical effort paradox during reward evaluation and links to perceived control.
Physical effort paradox during reward evaluation and links to perceived control.
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhad207
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发表时间：
2023-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mengling Wu;Ya Zheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mengling Wu;Ya Zheng
努力支出不仅在预期上降低了与之相关的报酬，而且在追溯上增加了报酬的主观价值，这就是所谓的努力悖论。本研究旨在通过神经动力学的批判透镜及其潜在调节因子来解决奖励评价中的努力悖论。总共有40名参与者完成了一项努力-奖励任务，其中他们通过主动或被动的决策来获得赢得金钱奖励的机会。我们发现，在奖励评估过程中的身体努力支出的后效随着时间的推移展开为努力悖论，表现为奖励积极性（RewP）期间的努力折扣效应，但在晚期正电位（LPP）间隔期间表现为努力增强效应。然后，我们发现了折扣效应和增强效应之间的动态平衡，即在早期阶段折扣RewP的努力越多，在后期阶段增加LPP的努力越多。此外，我们观察到，努力-奖励关系的调制知觉控制，使它增加了奖励的敏感性效应，降低了努力折扣效应。总之，我们的研究结果提供了新的见解的神经机制，潜在的后效应的体力消耗在奖励评估。
Effort expenditure not only prospectively discounts the reward associated with it but also retrospectively adds the subjective value of reward, which is known as the effort paradox. This study aimed to resolve the effort paradox during reward evaluation through the critical lens of neural dynamics and its potential moderators. In total, 40 participants completed an effort-reward task wherein they exerted varying physical efforts to obtain an opportunity to win monetary rewards by active or passive decision-making. We found that after-effects of physical effort expenditure during reward evaluation unfolded as an effort paradox over time, manifesting itself as an effort discounting effect during the reward positivity (RewP) period but as an effort enhancement effect during the late positive potential (LPP) interval. Then, we found a dynamic balance between the discounting effect and the enhancement effect such that the more effort discounted the RewP at the early stage, the more effort increased the LPP at the late stage. Moreover, we observed that the effort-reward relationship was modulated by perceived control such that it increased the reward sensitivity effect and decreased the effort discounting effect. Together, our findings provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the after-effects of physical effort exertion during reward evaluation.