Sensitivity of residential water consumption to variations in climate: An intraurban analysis of Phoenix, Arizona
Sensitivity of residential water consumption to variations in climate: An intraurban analysis of Phoenix, Arizona
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/2007wr006722
复制
发表时间：
2008-10-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Jones, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balling, R. C., Jr.;Gober, P.;Jones, N.
水仍然是亚利桑那州凤凰城大都会人口快速增长的重要因素。根据市政当局的不同，60%到75%的住宅用水用于室外，以维持非原生的、水密集型的景观和游泳池。凤凰城的居民用水对气象和气候变化尤其敏感，因为它非常重视室外用水。本研究探讨了城市居民用水对大气条件敏感性的空间变化。在城市的230个人口普查区，我们开发了每月用水量异常的时间序列，并将它们与每月温度、降水和帕尔默干旱水文指数的异常进行了比较。我们发现，三分之一的人口普查区对气候几乎没有敏感性，而一个地区的月用水量变化超过70%是由大气条件解释的。在拥有大片土地、许多水池、高比例的灌溉农田景观和高收入居民比例较高的人口普查区，对大气条件的敏感性更高。气候敏感性较低的社区有大家庭和许多拉美裔人。结果表明，由于城市热岛效应和温室气体的积累，更富裕的非西班牙裔社区将受到气温上升的不成比例的影响。
Water remains an essential ingredient for the rapid population growth taking place in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Depending upon the municipality, between 60 and 75% of residential water is used outdoors to maintain nonnative, water-intensive landscapes and swimming pools. Residential water use in Phoenix should be especially sensitive to meteorological and climatic variations because of the strong emphasis on outdoor water use. This study explores the intraurban spatial variations in the sensitivity of residential water consumption to atmospheric conditions. For 230 census tracts in the city, we developed times series of monthly water use anomalies and compared them with monthly anomalies of temperature, precipitation, and the Palmer Drought Hydrological Index. We found that one third of census tracts have little to no sensitivity to climate, while one tract had over 70% of its monthly variance in water use explained by atmospheric conditions. Greater sensitivity to atmospheric conditions occurred in census tracts with large lots, many pools, a high proportion of irrigated mesic landscaping, and a high proportion of high-income residents. Low climatic sensitivity occurred in neighborhoods with large families and many Hispanics. Results suggest that more affluent, non-Hispanic neighborhoods will be disproportionately affected by increasing temperatures due to urban heat island effects and the buildup of greenhouse gases.