Genes encoding proteins with peritrophin A-type chitin-binding domains in Tribolium castaneum are grouped into three distinct families based on phylogeny, expression and function
Genes encoding proteins with peritrophin A-type chitin-binding domains in Tribolium castaneum are grouped into three distinct families based on phylogeny, expression and function
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.01.011
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jasrapuria, Sinu;Arakane, Yasuyuki;Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam
本研究的重点是在红粉甲虫，赤拟谷盗，编码的蛋白质，具有一个或多个含六个半胱氨酸的几丁质结合结构域相关的peritrophin A域（ChtBD 2）的基因的表征和表达。一个详尽的生物信息学搜索的基因组的T castaneum查询与ChtBD 2序列产生了13个以前的特征几丁质代谢酶和29个额外的蛋白质与信号肽以及1至14 ChtBD 2。使用系统发育分析，这些额外的29个蛋白质被分为三个大家族。第一个家族包括11个与围肌肽密切相关的蛋白质，每个蛋白质含有1至14个ChtBD 2。这些是中肠特异性的，仅在进食阶段表达。我们建议将该家族命名为“围营养基质蛋白”（PMP）。第二个家族包含由7个基因编码的8种蛋白质（一个基因编码2种剪接变体），这些蛋白质与每个含有3个ChtBD 2的gasp/oblutor样蛋白密切相关。第三个家族有十种不同大小和序列的蛋白质，每种蛋白质只有一个ChtBD 2。第二和第三家族的基因在整个发育阶段的非中肠组织中表达。我们建议将具有三个ChtBD 2的第二个家族命名为“与Peritophins 3类似的表皮蛋白质”（CPAP 3），将具有1个ChtBD 2的第三个家族命名为“与Peritophins 1类似的表皮蛋白质”（CPAP 1）。尽管CPAP 1和CPAP 3家族的蛋白质都具有“peritrophin A”结构域，但它们仅在角质形成组织中表达。我们确定了编码这29种蛋白质的基因的外显子内含子组织以及编码的蛋白质与ChtBD 2的结构域组织。所有29种蛋白质都预测了可裂解的信号肽和ChtBD 2，这表明它们在细胞外位置与几丁质相互作用。在属于不同目的的不同昆虫物种中含有ChtBD 2s的蛋白质的比较表明，ChtBD 2s是古老的蛋白质结构域，其对细胞外基质中几丁质的亲和力已被多次开发用于一系列生物功能。PMPs和CPAPs表达谱的差异表明，尽管它们共享用于几丁质结合的围肌肽A基序，但这三个蛋白家族具有相当不同的生物学功能。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
This study is focused on the characterization and expression of genes in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, encoding proteins that possess one or more six-cysteine-containing chitin-binding domains related to the peritrophin A domain (ChtBD2). An exhaustive bioinformatics search of the genome of T castaneum queried with ChtBD2 sequences yielded 13 previously characterized chitin metabolic enzymes and 29 additional proteins with signal peptides as well as one to 14 ChtBD2s. Using phylogenetic analyses, these additional 29 proteins were classified into three large families. The first family includes 11 proteins closely related to the peritrophins, each containing one to 14 ChtBD2s. These are midgut-specific and are expressed only during feeding stages. We propose the name "Peritrophic Matrix Proteins" (PMP) for this family. The second family contains eight proteins encoded by seven genes (one gene codes for 2 splice variants), which are closely related to gasp/obstructor-like proteins that contain 3 ChtBD2s each. The third family has ten proteins that are of diverse sizes and sequences with only one ChtBD2 each. The genes of the second and third families are expressed in non-midgut tissues throughout all stages of development. We propose the names "Cuticular Proteins Analogous to Peritophins 3" (CPAP3) for the second family that has three ChtBD2s and "Cuticular Proteins Analogous to Peritophins 1 (CPAP1) for the third family that has 1 ChtBD2. Even though proteins of both CPAP1 and CPAP3 families have the "peritrophin A" domain, they are expressed only in cuticle-forming tissues. We determined the exon intron organization of the genes, encoding these 29 proteins as well as the domain organization of the encoded proteins with ChtBD2s. All 29 proteins have predicted cleavable signal peptides and ChtBD2s, suggesting that they interact with chitin in extracellular locations. Comparison of ChtBD2s-containing proteins in different insect species belonging to different orders suggests that ChtBD2s are ancient protein domains whose affinity for chitin in extracellular matrices has been exploited many times for a range of biological functions. The differences in the expression profiles of PMPs and CPAPs indicate that even though they share the peritrophin A motif for chitin binding, these three families of proteins have quite distinct biological functions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.