Dopaminergic dysfunction in alcoholism and schizophrenia - psychopathological and behavioral correlates
Dopaminergic dysfunction in alcoholism and schizophrenia - psychopathological and behavioral correlates
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DOI：
10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00628-4
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Heinz, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heinz, A
中枢多巴胺能神经传递功能障碍与精神分裂症以及药物和酒精依赖的发病机制有关。不同的药物滥用刺激腹侧纹状体多巴胺的释放，从而加强药物消耗。皮质下多巴胺释放增加也与精神分裂症阳性症状的发病机制有关，可能是由前额多巴胺能功能障碍引起的。这些看似异质的发现可能是最近对非人类灵长类动物的研究所解释的。根据这些研究，奖励预期而不是预期的奖励消费伴随着纹状体和前额皮质中的阶段性多巴胺释放。在纹状体中，阶段性多巴胺释放主要影响动机，精神激活和奖励渴望，而在前额叶皮层中，多巴胺能刺激参与激活工作记忆和奖励预期。在酒精中毒中，先前与酒精摄入相关的中性刺激可以成为条件性线索，激活阶段性多巴胺释放和奖励渴望。在精神分裂症中，应激诱导的或混乱的多巴胺释放激活可能将激励显著性归因于其他不相关的刺激，从而参与妄想情绪和其他阳性症状的发病机制。对人类和非人类灵长类动物的研究强调多巴胺能神经传递在奖赏预期中的作用及其在不同神经精神疾病中的功能障碍。(C)2002年，Elsevier SAS科学与医学版。
Dysfunction of central dopaminergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia as well as drug and alcohol dependence. Different drugs of abuse stimulate dopamine release in the ventral striatum and thus reinforce drug consumption. Increased subcortical dopamine release has also been associated with the pathogenesis of positive symptoms in schizophrenia and may be driven by a prefrontal dopaminergic dysfunction. These seemingly heterogeneous findings may be explained by recent research in non-human primates. According to these studies, reward anticipation but not anticipated reward consumption is accompanied by a phasic dopamine release in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. In the striatum, phasic dopamine release primarily affects motivation, psychomotor activation and reward craving, while in the prefrontal cortex, dopaminergic stimulation is involved in the activation of working memory and reward anticipation. In alcoholism, previously neutral stimuli that have been associated with alcohol intake can become conditioned cues which activate phasic dopamine release and reward craving. In schizophrenia, stress-induced or chaotic activation of dopamine release may attribute incentive salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli and thus be involved in the pathogenesis of delusional mood and other positive symptoms. Studies in humans and non-human primates emphasize the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission in reward anticipation and its dysfunction in different neuropsychiatric diseases. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.