Exposures to benzene and other volatile compounds from active and passive smoking.
Exposures to benzene and other volatile compounds from active and passive smoking.
复制标题
因主动和被动吸烟而接触苯和其他挥发性化合物。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Ziegenfus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Wallace;E. Pellizzari;T. Hartwell;R. Perritt;R. Ziegenfus
在新泽西和加州，对200名吸烟者和322名非吸烟者进行了约20种挥发性有机物的个人暴露和呼吸浓度测量。吸烟者呼吸中苯、苯乙烯、间二甲苯、间对二甲苯、邻二甲苯和辛烷的浓度显著升高。前四种芳香化合物的呼吸浓度随着吸烟数量的增加而显着增加。根据对主流香烟烟雾中苯的直接测量，计算出典型的吸烟者每天吸入2 mg苯，而非吸烟者每天吸入0.2 mg苯。因此，吸烟可能是美国约5000万公民接触苯的最重要来源。在工作中暴露的被动吸烟者呼吸中的芳香剂水平显着升高。在秋季和冬季，吸烟者家中的室内空气水平显着高于非吸烟家庭，但在春季和夏季则不然。在有吸烟者的家庭中，苯和苯乙烯的平均年增长率分别为3.6微克/立方米和0.5微克/立方米，每种情况下的相对增长率约为50%。因此，暴露于苯和苯乙烯可能会增加约60%的儿童和其他非吸烟者生活在家中的吸烟者。
Personal exposures and breath concentrations of approximately 20 volatile organics were measured for 200 smokers and 322 nonsmokers in New Jersey and California. Smokers displayed significantly elevated breath levels of benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, m + p-xylene, o-xylene, and octane. Significant increases in breath concentration with number of cigarettes smoked were noted for the first four aromatic compounds. Based on direct measurements of benzene in mainstream cigarette smoke, it is calculated that a typical smoker inhales 2 mg benzene daily, compared to 0.2 mg/day for the nonsmoker. Thus, cigarette smoking may be the most important source of exposure to benzene for about 50 million citizens of the United States. Passive smokers exposed at work had significantly elevated levels of aromatics in their breath. Indoor air levels in homes with smokers were significantly greater than in nonsmoking homes during fall and winter but not during spring and summer. The average annual increase in homes with smokers was 3.6 microgram/m3 for benzene and 0.5 microgram/m3 for styrene--an approximate 50% relative increase in each case. Thus, exposure to benzene and styrene may be increased for the approximately 60% of children and other nonsmokers living in homes with smokers.