Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma.
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用于治疗黑色素瘤的免疫检查点抑制剂。

DOI:
10.1080/14712598.2022.2038132
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发表时间:
2022-05
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Ferrone, Soldano
Ferrone, Soldano
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sabbatino, Francesco;Liguori, Luigi;Pepe, Stefano;Ferrone, Soldano

文献摘要

参考文献

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基于免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)的免疫疗法正在极大地改变包括黑色素瘤在内的许多类型癌症的管理。在这种恶性肿瘤中,ICI已被证明可以延长疾病和无进展生存期以及一定比例的治疗患者的总生存期,成为黑色素瘤治疗的基石。在这篇综述中,首先,我们将描述免疫检查点激活和抑制的机制,其次,我们将总结ICI在黑色素瘤治疗中的疗效和毒性方面所获得的结果,第三,我们将讨论ICI免疫逃逸的潜在机制,最后,我们将回顾基于ICI的免疫治疗黑色素瘤临床疗效的潜在预测生物标志物。ICI是黑色素瘤治疗的支柱之一。基于ICI的治疗的成功受到逃逸机制的发展的限制,逃逸机制允许黑色素瘤细胞避免被免疫细胞识别和破坏。这些结果强调了需要额外的研究来证实联合收割机结合不同类别的ICI以及ICI与其他类型的治疗的疗效。此外,需要新的和更有效的预测生物标志物来更好地分层黑色素瘤患者,以便更精确地定义治疗算法。
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based immunotherapy is dramatically changing the management of many types of cancers including melanoma. In this malignancy, ICIs have been shown to prolong disease and progression free survival as well as overall survival of a percentage of treated patients, becoming the cornerstone of melanoma treatment. In this review, first, we will describe the mechanisms of immune checkpoint activation and inhibition, second, we will summarize the results obtained with ICIs in melanoma treatment in terms of efficacy as well as toxicity, third, we will discuss the potential mechanisms of immune escape from ICI, and lastly, we will review the potential predictive biomarkers of clinical efficacy of ICI-based immunotherapy in melanoma. ICIs represent one of the pillars of melanoma treatment. The success of ICI-based therapy is limited by the development of escape mechanisms which allow melanoma cells to avoid recognition and destruction by immune cells. These results emphasize the need of additional studies to confirm the efficacy of therapies which combine different classes of ICIs as well as ICIs with other types of therapies. Furthermore, novel and more effective predictive biomarkers are needed to better stratify melanoma patients in order to define more precisely the therapeutic algorithms.
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