Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales
Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3899
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发表时间：
2022-12-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Winfree, Rachael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Genung, Mark A.;Reilly, James;Winfree, Rachael
生物多样性对生态系统功能有促进作用，但生物多样性丧失对大尺度自然生态系统功能的影响尚不明确。在这些自然生态系统中，稀有和衰退的物种更有可能消失，功能需要跨越空间和时间来维持。在这里，我们使用大规模（跨越5000公里的72个站点），多年数据集探索稀有和下降的蜜蜂物种对三种野花和三种作物授粉的重要性。一半的抽样蜜蜂物种（82/164）是罕见的或下降，但这些物种提供的总授粉量仅为15%。为了确定对EF重要的物种的数量，我们使用了两种“按比例放大”的方法，这两种方法以前都被用于生物多样性功能分析。首先，我们总结了蜜蜂物种在空间和时间上对授粉的贡献，然后找到了在所有地点提供阈值功能所需的最小物种集;根据这种方法，实际上没有稀有和衰退的蜜蜂物种对授粉很重要。第二，我们占的“保险价值”的生物多样性，找到最小的蜜蜂物种需要同时提供一个阈值水平的功能，在每个网站在每年。第二种方法得出的结论是，25个稀有和8个下降的蜜蜂物种（36%和53%的所有稀有和下降的蜜蜂物种，分别）包括在最小集合。我们的研究结果提供了一些最有力的证据，证明稀有和衰退的物种是达到EF阈值水平的关键，从而在现实世界的生物多样性丧失和EF之间提供了更直接的联系。
Biodiversity promotes ecosystem function (EF) in experiments, but it remains uncertain how biodiversity loss affects function in larger-scale natural ecosystems. In these natural ecosystems, rare and declining species are more likely to be lost, and function needs to be maintained across space and time. Here, we explore the importance of rare and declining bee species to the pollination of three wildflowers and three crops using large-scale (72 sites across 5000 km(2)), multi-year datasets. Half of the sampled bee species (82/164) were rare or declining, but these species provided only similar to 15% of overall pollination. To determine the number of species important to EF, we used two methods of "scaling up," both of which have previously been used for biodiversity-function analysis. First, we summed bee species' contributions to pollination across space and time and then found the minimum set of species needed to provide a threshold level of function across all sites; according to this method, effectively no rare and declining bee species were important to pollination. Second, we account for the "insurance value" of biodiversity by finding the minimum set of bee species needed to simultaneously provide a threshold level of function at each site in each year. The second method leads to the conclusion that 25 rare and eight declining bee species (36% and 53% of all rare and declining bee species, respectively) are included in the minimum set. Our findings provide some of the strongest evidence yet that rare and declining species are key to meeting threshold levels of EF, thereby providing a more direct link between real-world biodiversity loss and EF.