Symmetry, Thermodynamics, and Topology in Active Matter
Symmetry, Thermodynamics, and Topology in Active Matter
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.12.010501
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发表时间：
2022-02-11
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Ramaswamy, Sriram
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowick, Mark J.;Fakhri, Nikta;Ramaswamy, Sriram
活动物质这个名字指的是任何实体的集合，它们各自使用自由能量来产生自己的运动和力。通过相互作用，活性粒子自发地组织成具有丰富材料性质的新兴大规模结构。活动物质范式适用于生命和非生命系统的广泛动态范围，从细胞内亚核结构的组织到人类尺度的集体运动。这些系统表现出的各种现象都源于活性物质的定义性质，它是一组成分的集合，它们个别地、分散地打破了时间反转对称性。本文概述了活性物质研究中当前和新兴方向的精选。它的目的是为新进入该领域的研究人员提供具有教学意义和前瞻性的介绍，并为可能吸引该领域现有研究人员的开放挑战和未来方向提供路线图。
The name active matter refers to any collection of entities that individually use free energy to generate their own motion and forces. Through interactions, active particles spontaneously organize in emergent large-scale structures with a rich range of materials properties. The active-matter paradigm is applied to living and nonliving systems over a vast dynamic range, from the organization of subnuclear structures in the cell to collective motion at the human scale. The diverse phenomena exhibited by these systems all stem from the defining property of active matter as an assembly of components that individually and dissipatively break time-reversal symmetry. This article outlines a selection of current and emerging directions in active matter research. It aims at providing a pedagogical and forward-looking introduction for researchers new to the field and a road map of open challenges and future directions that may appeal to those established in the area.