Contextualizing pandemics: Respiratory survivorship before, during, and after the 1918 influenza pandemic in Newfoundland

Contextualizing pandemics: Respiratory survivorship before, during, and after the 1918 influenza pandemic in Newfoundland
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流行病背景:1918 年纽芬兰流感大流行之前、期间和之后的呼吸道幸存者

DOI:
10.1002/ajpa.24678
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
American Journal of Biological Anthropology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kelmelis, Saige
Kelmelis, Saige
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
van Doren, Taylor P.;Kelmelis, Saige

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1918年流感大流行的研究往往只关注大流行年份,减少了对大流行的潜在长期见解。至关重要的是,要将1918年的大流行置于潜在的人口动态、健康和社会文化背景下,以了解哪些因素导致了大流行死亡率和存活率,以及观察到的不平等,材料与方法来自纽芬兰省档案馆和纪念大学数字档案馆的三个主要死因的个人死亡记录和人口普查-流感和肺炎;肺结核;以及合并的支气管炎,麻疹和百日咳-收集了20世纪初的三个时期:大流行前(1909-11),大流行(1918年3月-1919年1月)和大流行后(1933-1935)。我们计算了各地区的合并年龄标准化死亡率和大流行前后死亡率的变化。我们适合Kaplan-Meier和考克斯比例风险模型,每个时期,控制年龄,死亡原因,和region.ResultsPandemic死亡率高于前和后大流行时期。大流行后的死亡率明显低于大流行前的死亡率在所有地区,除了纽芬兰西部。大流行期间生存率最低,大流行后显著增加(p< 0.0001),大流行期间各地区之间无显著差异(p= 0.32)。生存率在1933-1935年的显着差异是由越来越多的差异,P&I地区之间的生存率比其他causesofdeath.DiscussionMyopic流行病的角度可以模糊我们的理解观察到的结果。在大流行前后,呼吸道疾病死亡率的不平等是明显的,但这些不平等在大流行期间的调查中会被忽略。
BackgroundResearch on the 1918 influenza pandemic often focuses exclusively on pandemic years, reducing the potential long‐term insights about the pandemic. It is critical to frame the 1918 pandemic within the underlying population dynamics, health, and sociocultural context to understand what factors contributed to pandemic mortality and survivorship, with respect to observed inequality, and consequences of the pandemic.Materials & MethodsIndividual death records and censuses from The Rooms Provincial Archives and Memorial University of Newfoundland Digital Archives for three major causes of death—influenza and pneumonia; tuberculosis; and pooled bronchitis, measles, and whooping cough—were collected for three periods in the early 20th century: pre‐pandemic (1909–11), pandemic (March 1918–Janaury 1919), and post‐pandemic (1933–1935). We calculated pooled age‐standardized mortality rates and changes in pre‐ to post‐pandemic mortality rates by region. We fit Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models to each period, controlling for age, cause of death, and region.ResultsPandemic mortality was higher than that of pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods. Post‐pandemic mortality was significantly lower than pre‐pandemic mortality in all regions, except Western Newfoundland. Survival was lowest during the pandemic and increased significantly post‐pandemic (p< 0.0001), with no significant differences among regions during the pandemic (p= 0.32). Significant differences in survivorship in 1933–1935 were driven by increasing differences in survivorship for P&I among the regions more than other causes of death.DiscussionMyopic perspectives of pandemics can obscure our understanding of observed outcomes. Inequalities in respiratory disease mortality are evident in pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods, but these would have been missed in investigations of the pandemic period alone.
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