The baculovirus 10-kDa protein.
The baculovirus 10-kDa protein.
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DOI：
10.1006/jipa.1997.4675
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发表时间：
1997-07
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. V. van Oers;J. Vlak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. V. van Oers;J. Vlak
杆状病毒科是杆状（杆状5杆状）、有包膜、双链DNA病毒的家族，其具有大小在90和160 kb之间变化的环状、超螺旋基因组（Murphy等人，1995年）。该科分为两个属，核多角体病毒（NPV）和颗粒体病毒（GV）。病毒复制周期是双相的，导致产生两种类型的子代。一种注定被蛋白质基质封闭（封闭衍生病毒，ODV），而另一种则从细胞中出芽并在易感幼虫组织中传播感染（出芽病毒，BV）。包合体是一种大的多面体状蛋白体，主要由多角体蛋白组成，含有大量的病毒粒子。根据封闭病毒粒子中存在多少核衣壳，区分多包膜和单包膜病毒（MNPV与SNPV）。GV属的特征是小颗粒包体，仅含有单个病毒粒子。杆状病毒在节肢动物，主要是鳞翅目昆虫中引起致命疾病。此外，这些病毒已从Hypluta、Diptera、Coleoptera、Neuroptera、Trichoptera和Thysanura的昆虫物种以及甲壳科十足目中报道（Murphy et al.，1995年）。虽然杆状病毒已报告从许多物种，个别分离株通常有一个有限的宿主范围。杆状病毒感染首先在蚕中描述，其中病毒感染对蚕丝培养具有破坏性影响，具有巨大的经济影响（参见Benz，1986，历史回顾）。在自然界中，杆状病毒影响昆虫种群的大小，因此相当多的注意力已经放在它们作为广谱化学杀虫剂的可行替代品的潜力上（Martignoni和Iwai，1986年综述）。十年前，人们对杆状病毒及其分子生物学的兴趣是由于观察到它们可以用于外源基因的有效表达。两种病毒蛋白，多角体蛋白（30 kDa）和10-kDa蛋白（P10）的高水平表达，以及该系统在表达后修饰表达蛋白的能力，以及对人类的固有安全性，使该系统成为其他高等真核表达系统（例如，牛痘）。因此，杆状病毒不仅在昆虫控制中作为化学品的替代品，而且还作为载体生产用于基础研究和医学和兽医实践的蛋白质。杆状病毒的广泛兴趣反映在近年来出版的大量综述论文和书籍中，例如关于其一般生物学和超微结构（Granados和Federici，1986;亚当斯和Bonami，1991），基因调控和分子生物学（弗里森和米勒，1986; Blissard和Rohrmann，1990）、多角体蛋白和其它结构蛋白（Vlak和Rohrmann，1985; Rohrmann，1986; Rohrmann，1992）、复制（Kool等人，1995 b），以及这些病毒作为表达载体的广泛应用（米勒，1988; Maeda，1989; Vlak和Keus，1990;卢科，1991）。用于实验程序的各种手册包含丰富的信息（Summers和Smith，1987; King和Possee，1992; O'Reilly等人，1992年）。关于多角体蛋白的结构和功能有大量的文献，但另一种主要的病毒蛋白P10却很少受到关注。本文就该病毒编码的10-kDa蛋白及其相关基因的结构和功能作一综述。
The Baculoviridae are a family of rod-shaped (baculum 5 rod), enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses with a circular, supercoiled genome varying in size between 90 and 160 kb (Murphy et al., 1995). The family is divided into two genera, nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and granulovirus (GV). The virus replication cycle is biphasic resulting in the production of two types of progeny. One is destined to be occluded in protein matrices (occlusion derived virus, ODV), while the other buds out of the cell and disseminates infection in susceptible larval tissue (budded virus, BV). The occlusion bodies are large polyhedral-shaped proteinaceous bodies, which consist mainly of polyhedrin protein and contain many virions. Multiple and single enveloped species are distinguished (MNPV versus SNPV), depending on how many nucleocapsids are present in the occluded virions. The genus GV is characterized by small granular occlusion bodies, containing only a single virion. Baculoviruses cause a fatal disease in arthropods, predominantly insects of the orderLepidoptera. In addition, these viruses have been reported from insect species of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Trichoptera, and Thysanura, as well as in the Crustaceae orderDecapoda (Murphy et al., 1995). Although baculoviruses have been reported from many species, individual isolates usually have a restricted host range. Baculovirus infections were first described in silkworms, where viral infections had devastating effects on the silk culture with large economic impact (see Benz, 1986, for a historical review). In nature, baculoviruses affect the size of insect populations and therefore considerable attention has been paid to their potential as a viable alternative to wide spectrum chemical insecticides (reviewed byMartignoni and Iwai, 1986). A decade ago the interest in baculoviruses and their molecular biology was fueled by the observation that they could be exploited for the efficient expression of exogenous genes. The high levels of expression of two viral proteins, polyhedrin (30 kDa) and a 10-kDa protein (P10), and the ability of the system to modify the expressed proteins posttranslationally, together with the inherent safety for humans, make this system a very attractive alternative to other higher-eukaryotic expression systems (e.g., vaccinia). Baculoviruses thus have a high profile not only in insect control as an alternative to chemicals, but also as vectors to produce proteins both for fundamental research and for medical and veterinary practices. The broad interest in baculoviruses is reflected in the large number of review papers and books that have been published in recent years, concerning for instance their general biology and ultrastructure (Granados and Federici, 1986; Adams and Bonami, 1991), gene regulation and molecular biology (Friesen and Miller, 1986; Blissard and Rohrmann, 1990), polyhedrin and other structural proteins (Vlak and Rohrmann, 1985; Rohrmann, 1986; Rohrmann, 1992), replication (Kool et al., 1995b), and the broad applications of these viruses as expression vectors (Miller, 1988; Maeda, 1989; Vlak and Keus, 1990; Luckow, 1991). Various manuals for experimental procedures contain a wealth of information (Summers and Smith, 1987; King and Possee, 1992; O’Reilly et al., 1992). An extensive body of literature exists on the structure and function of polyhedrin, but the other major viral protein, P10, has received less attention. This review discusses the structure and function of this NPV-encoded 10-kDa protein and its corresponding gene.