In-pipe water quality monitoring in water supply systems under steady and unsteady state flow conditions: A quantitative assessment
In-pipe water quality monitoring in water supply systems under steady and unsteady state flow conditions: A quantitative assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.058
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Graham, Nigel J. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aisopou, Angeliki;Stoianov, Ivan;Graham, Nigel J. D.
监测从处理厂到消费者水龙头的饮用水质量对于确保符合国家标准和/或世卫组织指导水平至关重要。在输配过程中，有许多影响水质的过程和因素，但人们对此知之甚少。详细了解各种物理和化学过程以及水力条件对供水系统内水质恶化的影响的一个重大障碍是缺乏用于连续监测的可靠且低成本（资本和运行维护）水质传感器。本文有两个目标。第一个是对用于供水系统中无试剂和无膜连续水质监测的新型管内多参数传感器探头的性能进行详细评估。第二个目标是描述为获取连续水质和高频水力数据以定量评估稳态和非稳态流动条件下发生的水质变化而进行的实验研究的结果。对多参数传感器探头的实验室和现场评估表明，该传感器具有快速的动态响应、平均的重复性和不可靠的精度。传感器数据的不确定性对所获取数据的分析和解释及其在操作系统中的水质建模、决策支持和控制的使用提出了重大挑战。尽管存在这些不确定性，从输电和配电系统获取的独特数据集证明了非稳态流动条件对各种水质参数的有害影响。这些研究表明：(i) 非稳态水力条件对由于沉积物重新悬浮、生物膜和结节从管道中冲刷以及混合增加而引起的消毒剂残留、浊度和颜色的显着影响，以及需要进一步的实验研究来调查这些相互作用； (ii) 传感器技术的重要进步，为研究操作系统中的动态水力条件和水质变化提供了独特的机会。这两个领域的研究对于更好地了解和管理老化的输水和分配系统中的水质恶化至关重要。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Monitoring the quality of drinking water from the treatment plant to the consumers tap is critical to ensure compliance with national standards and/or WHO guideline levels. There are a number of processes and factors affecting the water quality during transmission and distribution which are little understood. A significant obstacle for gaining a detailed knowledge of various physical and chemical processes and the effect of the hydraulic conditions on the water quality deterioration within water supply systems is the lack of reliable and low-cost (both capital and O & M) water quality sensors for continuous monitoring. This paper has two objectives. The first one is to present a detailed evaluation of the performance of a novel in-pipe multi-parameter sensor probe for reagent- and membrane-free continuous water quality monitoring in water supply systems. The second objective is to describe the results from experimental research which was conducted to acquire continuous water quality and high-frequency hydraulic data for the quantitative assessment of the water quality changes occurring under steady and unsteady-state flow conditions. The laboratory and field evaluation of the multi-parameter sensor probe showed that the sensors have a rapid dynamic response, average repeatability and unreliable accuracy. The uncertainties in the sensor data present significant challenges for the analysis and interpretation of the acquired data and their use for water quality modelling, decision support and control in operational systems. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, the unique data sets acquired from transmission and distribution systems demonstrated the deleterious effect of unsteady state flow conditions on various water quality parameters. These studies demonstrate: (i) the significant impact of the unsteady-state hydraulic conditions on the disinfectant residual, turbidity and colour caused by the re-suspension of sediments, scouring of biofilms and tubercles from the pipe and increased mixing, and the need for further experimental research to investigate these interactions; (ii) important advances in sensor technologies which provide unique opportunities to study both the dynamic hydraulic conditions and water quality changes in operational systems. The research in these two areas is critical to better understand and manage the water quality deterioration in ageing water transmission and distribution systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.