Remote sensing of glacier- and permafrost-related hazards in high mountains: an overview
Remote sensing of glacier- and permafrost-related hazards in high mountains: an overview
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DOI：
10.5194/nhess-5-527-2005
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发表时间：
2005-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
A. Kääb;C. Huggel;L. Fischer;S. Guex;F. Paul;I. Roer;N. Salzmann;S. Schlaefli;K. Schmutz;D. Schneider;T. Strozzi;Y. Weidmann
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Kääb;C. Huggel;L. Fischer;S. Guex;F. Paul;I. Roer;N. Salzmann;S. Schlaefli;K. Schmutz;D. Schneider;T. Strozzi;Y. Weidmann
抽象的。过程的相互作用和连锁反应、目前由于大气变暖造成的冰冻圈危险区域的转移以及冰川灾害的潜在影响范围，使得有必要应用现代遥感技术来评估高山冰川和永冻土的危害。通常，相关的危险源地区位于偏远地区，往往由于物质和/或政治原因难以进入。在这份报告中，我们概述了适用于冰川和永冻土危险评估和灾害管理的航空和星载遥感方法。许多图像分类和变化检测技术支持高山灾害研究。数字地形模型(DTMS)是由光学立体数据、合成孔径雷达或激光扫描数据衍生而来的，是研究高山过程最重要的数据集之一。卫星立体DTM与航天飞机雷达地形任务(SRTM)数字地面模型的融合是结合这两种技术优点的一种很有前途的方法。事实上，即使通过重复的卫星DTMS，也可以测量到地形体积的巨大变化，例如雪崩沉积。多时相数据可用于计算冰川、永久冻土和山体滑坡的地表位移。结合DTMS、光谱图像分类结果以及变化检测和位移测量的多时相数据，显著提高了对潜在危险的检测。基于地理信息系统的危险过程建模是对遥感分析的补充，目的是对山区的冰川和永久冻土危害进行综合评估。目前遥感应用于山区冰川和永冻土危害方面的主要限制一方面是技术性质的(例如，不同方法和数据的组合和融合；对微波后向散射的更好理解)。另一方面，需要向参与高山灾害评估和管理的机构更好地传播遥感专业知识，以便挖掘遥感在这一领域的巨大潜力。
Abstract. Process interactions and chain reactions, the present shift of cryospheric hazard zones due to atmospheric warming, and the potential far reach of glacier disasters make it necessary to apply modern remote sensing techniques for the assessment of glacier and permafrost hazards in high-mountains. Typically, related hazard source areas are situated in remote regions, often difficult to access for physical and/or political reasons. In this contribution we provide an overview of air- and spaceborne remote sensing methods suitable for glacier and permafrost hazard assessment and disaster management. A number of image classification and change detection techniques support high-mountain hazard studies. Digital terrain models (DTMs), derived from optical stereo data, synthetic aperture radar or laserscanning, represent one of the most important data sets for investigating high-mountain processes. Fusion of satellite stereo-derived DTMs with the DTM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is a promising way to combine the advantages of both technologies. Large changes in terrain volume such as from avalanche deposits can indeed be measured even by repeat satellite DTMs. Multitemporal data can be used to derive surface displacements on glaciers, permafrost and landslides. Combining DTMs, results from spectral image classification, and multitemporal data from change detection and displacement measurements significantly improves the detection of hazard potentials. Modelling of hazardous processes based on geographic information systems (GIS) complements the remote sensing analyses towards an integrated assessment of glacier and permafrost hazards in mountains. Major present limitations in the application of remote sensing to glacier and permafrost hazards in mountains are, on the one hand, of technical nature (e.g. combination and fusion of different methods and data; improved understanding of microwave backscatter). On the other hand, better dissemination of remote sensing expertise towards institutions involved in high-mountain hazard assessment and management is needed in order to exploit the large potential of remote sensing in this field.