Flying Drosophila stabilize their vision-based velocity controller by sensing wind with their antennae
Flying Drosophila stabilize their vision-based velocity controller by sensing wind with their antennae
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1323529111
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dickinson, Michael H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fuller, Sawyer Buckminster;Straw, Andrew D.;Dickinson, Michael H.
苍蝇和其他昆虫利用视觉来调节飞行中的地面速度，使它们能够在不同的风力条件下飞行。然而，与机械感觉模式相比，视觉需要较长的处理延迟（类似于 100 毫秒），如果在高增益下运行，可能会带来不稳定。苍蝇还用触角感知空气运动，但如何将其用于飞行控制尚不清楚。我们通过消融果蝇的触角来操纵它们的触角功能，迫使它们仅依靠视觉来调节地面速度。 Arista 消融的果蝇在飞行中表现出比完整果蝇显着更大的地速变化。然后，我们将它们置于由空气活塞传递的一系列受控脉冲阵风中，并通过实验操纵天线和视觉反馈。结果表明，天线介导的响应改变了机翼运动，导致苍蝇沿与阵风相同的方向加速。这种反应反对逆风飞行，但苍蝇经常逆风飞行。为了解决这个差异，我们通过将候选模型的参数与我们的实验数据进行拟合，获得了果蝇速度调节器的动态模型。该模型表明，arista 消融果蝇的地速变化是由视觉反馈的延迟和高增益引起的不稳定反馈振荡的结果。天线响应以更短的延迟（类似于 20 毫秒）驱动有源阻尼，以稳定该调节器，以换取增加快速风扰动的影响。这提供了对果蝇多模态感觉反馈结构的深入了解，并构成了触角以前未知的作用。
Flies and other insects use vision to regulate their groundspeed in flight, enabling them to fly in varying wind conditions. Compared with mechanosensory modalities, however, vision requires a long processing delay (similar to 100 ms) that might introduce instability if operated at high gain. Flies also sense air motion with their antennae, but how this is used in flight control is unknown. We manipulated the antennal function of fruit flies by ablating their aristae, forcing them to rely on vision alone to regulate groundspeed. Arista-ablated flies in flight exhibited significantly greater groundspeed variability than intact flies. We then subjected them to a series of controlled impulsive wind gusts delivered by an air piston and experimentally manipulated antennae and visual feedback. The results show that an antenna-mediated response alters wing motion to cause flies to accelerate in the same direction as the gust. This response opposes flying into a headwind, but flies regularly fly upwind. To resolve this discrepancy, we obtained a dynamic model of the fly's velocity regulator by fitting parameters of candidate models to our experimental data. The model suggests that the groundspeed variability of arista-ablated flies is the result of unstable feedback oscillations caused by the delay and high gain of visual feedback. The antenna response drives active damping with a shorter delay (similar to 20 ms) to stabilize this regulator, in exchange for increasing the effect of rapid wind disturbances. This provides insight into flies' multimodal sensory feedback architecture and constitutes a previously unknown role for the antennae.