Choosy females and indiscriminate males:: mate choice in mixed populations of sexual and hybridogenetic water frogs (Rana lessonae, Rana esculenta)
Choosy females and indiscriminate males:: mate choice in mixed populations of sexual and hybridogenetic water frogs (Rana lessonae, Rana esculenta)
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/12.5.600
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Reyer, HU
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engeler, B;Reyer, HU
几十年来，行为生态学家一直在研究环境对个体行为的影响;但直到最近，他们才开始提出相反的问题：个体的行为策略如何影响种群和群落的组成和动态？虽然直观上是显而易见的，但这种从个体到更高层次的反馈很难证明，除非在种群对其成员行为的反应异常迅速和显著的系统中。这种系统存在于依赖精子的物种中。例如，在欧洲水蛙中，杂交物种（R. esculenta，基因型LR）需要与其亲本物种之一（R. lessonae，基因型LL），除了在少数情况下，其中杂种是三倍体。然而，性宿主LL应避免与性寄生虫LR交配，因为由此产生的LR后代将从其基因组中消除L基因组。生殖细胞。在这项研究中，我们将探讨如何解决这一冲突。由于水蛙的杂交后代有两种性别，而不是像其他依赖精子的系统那样只有雌性，我们对雌性和雄性进行了测试。一个人在两个异性之间做出选择，一个是LL，另一个是LR。在这两个物种中，女性表现出预期的偏好LL男性，而男性没有区分LL和LR女性。在个体水平上，我们解释了选择性的性别差异，与错误的物种（LR）交配的成本较低，男性比女性与大个体交配的收益较高。在“正常”物种中，雄性偏好大的（即更多产的）雌性是有利的，但在这个系统中，这样的选择可能导致与较大的LR雌性交配。关于混合种群的结构和动态，我们讨论了观察到的女性偏好是一致的，在自然界中发现的LL男性的交配成功率较高。因此，配偶女性的选择是一个强有力的候选人的机制，促进共存的精子依赖的杂交和它的性宿主。这证实了先前理论模型的预测。
For several decades, behavioral ecologists have studied the effects of the environment on the behavior of individuals; but only fairly recently they have started to ask the reverse question: how do the behavioral strategies of individuals affect the composition and dynamics of populations and communities? Although intuitively obvious, this feedback From individual to higher levels is difficult to demonstrate, except in systems with exceptionally fast and marked responses of the populations to the behavior of its members. Such a system exists in sperm-dependent species. In European water frogs, for instance, successful reproduction of a hybrid species (R. esculenta, genotype LR) requires mating with one of its parental species (R. lessonae, genotype LL), except in the rare cases where hybrids are triploid. The sexual host LL, however, should avoid matings with the sexual parasite LR, because the resulting LR offspring will eliminate the L genome from their. germ line. In this study we investigate how this conflict is solved. Since water frog hybrids come in both sexes, rather than as females only like in other sperm-dependent systems, we performed the tests with both females and males. One individual was given a choice between two individuals of the opposite sex, one an LL and the other an LR. In both species, females showed the predicted preference for LL males, whereas males did not discriminate between LL and LR females. On the individual level, we interpret the sex difference in choosiness by the lower costs from mating with the wrong species (LR) and the higher benefits from mating with large individuals in males than in females. In "normal" species, male preference for large (i.e. more fecund) females is advantageous, but in this system such a choice can result in mating with the larger LR females. With respect to the structure and dynamics of mixed populations, we discuss that the observed female preference is consistent with the higher mating success of LL males found in nature. Hence, mate female choice is a strong candidate for a mechanism promoting coexistence of the sperm-dependent hybrid and its sexual host. This confirms predictions from previous theoretical models.