A class of outer generalized inverses

A class of outer generalized inverses
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DOI:
10.1016/j.laa.2011.09.004
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发表时间:
2012-04
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
M. Drazin
M. Drazin
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Drazin

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在任何 *-半群或半群 S 中,可以证明 Moore-Penrose 逆元 y=a†、作者的伪逆元 y=a′、Chipman 加权逆元和 Bott-Duffin 逆元都是更一般类“(b,c)-逆元”y∈S 的特例,满足 y∈(bSy)∩(ySc)、yab=b 和 cay=c。这些(b,c)逆总是满足yay=y,当它们存在时总是唯一的,并且当且仅当b∈Scab和c∈cabS时才存在,在这种情况下,在Mitsch的偏序M下,y也是集合Xa=Xa,b,c={x:x∈S,xax=x和x∈(bSx)∩(xSc)}的唯一M-最大元素和唯一M-最小元素 Za=Za,b,c={z:z∈S,zaz=z,zab=b 且 caz=c}。上述所有内容在任意半群 S 中都成立,因此特别是在任何结合环 R 中。对于任何复数 n×n 矩阵 a,b,c,只要 a 存在,就会给出一个有效的统一过程来计算 a 的 (b,c) 逆矩阵。在环的情况下,如果存在 b,cεR 满足 1-bε(1-a)R,1-cεR(1-a) 使得 a 具有满足 ay=ya 的 (b,c)-逆 y,则 a∈R 被称为“弱可逆”,并且证明当且仅当 a 在 Nicholson 意义上是强干净的,即 a=u+e 对于某个单位 u 且幂等时,a 是弱可逆的 e 与 eu=ue。
In any *-semigroup or semigroup S, it is shown that the Moore–Penrose inverse y=a†, the author’s pseudo-inverse y=a′, Chipman’s weighted inverse and the Bott–Duffin inverse are all special cases of the more general class of “(b,c)-inverses”y∈S satisfying y∈(bSy)∩(ySc), yab=b and cay=c. These (b,c)-inverses always satisfy yay=y, are always unique when they exist, and exist if and only if b∈Scab and c∈cabS, in which case, under the partial order M of Mitsch, y is also the unique M-greatest element of the set Xa=Xa,b,c={x:x∈S,xax=x and x∈(bSx)∩(xSc)} and the unique M-least element of Za=Za,b,c={z:z∈S,zaz=z,zab=b and caz=c}. The above all holds in arbitrary semigroups S, hence in particular in any associative ring R. For any complex n×n matrices a,b,c, an efficient uniform procedure is given to compute the (b,c)-inverse of a whenever it exists. In the ring case, a∈R is called “weakly invertible” if there exist b,c∈R satisfying 1-b∈(1-a)R,1-c∈R(1-a) such that a has a (b,c)-inverse y satisfying ay=ya, and it is shown that a is weakly invertible if and only if a is strongly clean in the sense of Nicholson, i.e. a=u+e for some unit u and idempotent e with eu=ue.