Mechanisms of Type I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterobacteriaceae.
Mechanisms of Type I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas Systems in Enterobacteriaceae.
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DOI：
10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0008-2018
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发表时间：
2019-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chaoyou Xue;Dipali G. Sashital
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chaoyou Xue;Dipali G. Sashital
CRISPR-Cas系统为细菌和古细菌提供了针对噬菌体和其他移动的遗传元件入侵的适应性免疫。入侵者DNA的短片段作为免疫记忆存储在宿主染色体中的CRISPR（成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列）阵列内。这些阵列为RNA分子提供了模板，可以引导CRISPR相关（Cas）蛋白在后续感染时特异性中和病毒。在过去的10年里，我们对CRISPR-Cas系统的理解极大地受益于许多模式生物。特别地，对革兰氏阴性肠杆菌科的几个成员，特别是大肠杆菌和黑脓果胶杆菌的研究，为CRISPR-Cas免疫机制提供了重要的见解。在这篇综述中，我们提供了肠杆菌科成员中存在的CRISPR-Cas系统的概述。我们还详细介绍了目前对肠细菌中常见的I-E型和I-F型CRISPR-Cas系统的机制理解。最后，我们讨论了细菌如何逃脱或破坏CRISPR-Cas系统，以及细菌可以采取哪些措施来应对这些类型的事件。
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against invasion by bacteriophages and other mobile genetic elements. Short fragments of invader DNA are stored as immunological memories within CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) arrays in the host chromosome. These arrays provide a template for RNA molecules that can guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to specifically neutralize viruses upon subsequent infection. Over the past 10 years, our understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems has benefited greatly from a number of model organisms. In particular, the study of several members of the Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae family, especially Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium atrosepticum, have provided significant insights into the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of CRISPR-Cas systems present in members of the Enterobacteriaceae. We also detail the current mechanistic understanding of the type I-E and type I-F CRISPR-Cas systems that are commonly found in enterobacteria. Finally, we discuss how phages can escape or inactivate CRISPR-Cas systems and the measures bacteria can enact to counter these types of events.