ORGANIZATION OF AUDITORY CORTICAL AREAS IN MAN
ORGANIZATION OF AUDITORY CORTICAL AREAS IN MAN
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/99.3.403
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
CELESIA, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CELESIA, GG
1937年，科恩穆勒在猫身上描述了第一张听觉皮质图，通过记录对声音刺激的电反应来确定。从那时起，猫和猴子的电生理学研究部分地解决了皮质听觉系统的复杂性。初级听觉皮质区域的最初概念已经逐渐被证明存在多个听觉皮质区域所修正。Woolsey(1960,1971)描述了猫耳蜗西尔维亚区的四个完整的表示。Buser和Borenstein(1959)以及Thompson和Sindberg(1960)在《猫》中描述的三个多感官区域的存在使这一图景变得更加复杂。这些区域可以通过听觉、视觉和躯体刺激来激活。与猫和灵长类动物听觉皮质系统的丰富数据形成对比的是，关于人类听觉系统的信息很少。这种知识的缺乏主要是由于研究人脑的技术困难。然而，随着改进的记录仪器、多接触深度探头和平均计算机的出现，现在有可能绕过这些障碍，并令人满意和可靠地记录人类大脑皮层的微小感觉诱发反应。Celesia，Broughton，Rasmussen和Branch(1968)首先描述了从人的颞叶外侧表面获得的听觉反应。在后来的研究中，我们描述了(Celesia和Puletti，1969)直接从Heschl回上方的初级听觉区域获得的反应。从那时起，收集了更多的数据，本文的目的是以统一的方式总结这些观察结果，以期更好地了解人类大脑皮层的生理学。还将对人类和动物的数据进行比较，以确定从动物实验中得出的关于听觉皮质系统的结论在多大程度上可以适用于人类。
THE first map of the auditory cortex, determined by recording electrical responses to acoustic stimulation, was described in the cat by Kornmuller in 1937. Since then, the complexities of the cortical auditory system have been partially untangled by electrophysiological studies in cats and monkeys. The initial concept of a primary auditory cortical region has gradually been modified by the demonstration of the existence of multiple auditory cortical areas. Woolsey (1960, 1971) describes four complete representations for the cochlea in the sylvian region of cats. This picture is further complicated by the presence of three polysensory areas as described in cats by Buser and Borenstein (1959), and Thompson and Sindberg (1960). These areas can be activated by auditory, visual and somatic stimulation. In contrast to the wealth of data on the auditory cortical system of cats and to a lesser degree of primates is the paucity of information on the auditory system of man. This lack of knowledge has mainly been due to technological difficulties in studying the human brain. However, with the advent of improved recording instruments, multicontact depth probes and averaging computers, it is now possible to circumvent these obstacles and to record, both satisfactorily and reliably, the small sensory evoked responses of the human cortex. Celesia, Broughton, Rasmussen and Branch (1968) first described auditory responses obtained from the lateral surface of the temporal lobe of man. In later studies we described (Celesia and Puletti, 1969) responses obtained directly from the primary auditory area over the Heschl's gyri. Since that time additional data have been gathered and it is the purpose of this paper to summarize these observations in a unified fashion with the hope of reaching a better understanding of the physiology of the human cortex. A comparison between human and animal data will also be carried out to determine to what extent conclusions concerning the auditory cortical system drawn from animal experiments can be applied to man.