Evaluating the impact of an enhanced energy performance standard on load-bearing masonry domestic construction: Understanding the gap between designed and real performance: lessons from Stamford Brook.
Evaluating the impact of an enhanced energy performance standard on load-bearing masonry domestic construction: Understanding the gap between designed and real performance: lessons from Stamford Brook.
复制标题
评估增强的能源性能标准对承重砌体国内建筑的影响：了解设计性能与实际性能之间的差距：斯坦福布鲁克的经验教训。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Lowe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wingfield;M. Bell;D. Miles;T. South;R. Lowe
随着政府对低碳和零碳住房方法的目标日益严格，本报告针对的是那些对现在和未来几年新住宅的采购、设计和建造感兴趣的人。它传达了 2001 年至 2008 年间进行的一个研究项目的结果，该项目旨在评估在大型商业住房开发背景下实现低碳住房标准的程度。该研究由利兹城市大学与伦敦大学学院合作领导，以柴郡奥特灵厄姆的斯坦福布鲁克开发项目为基础。该项目的合作伙伴是 National Trust、Redrow 和 Taylor Wimpey，截至 2008 年 6 月，计划开发的 700 套住宅已完成约 60%。随着英国房屋建筑业及其供应商努力应对到 2016 年实现零碳住房的挑战，该项目得出的经验教训非常及时且具有相当价值。斯坦福布鲁克已经证明，设计砖石住宅以达到更高的能源标准是可行的，并且许多创新方法，特别是在气密性领域，可以取得成功。这些住宅建成后超出了当时有效的建筑法规要求，但对已完工住宅的测试和长期性能监测表明，总体而言，在标准入住率下，能源消耗和碳排放量比设计预测高出约 20% 至 25%。在热损失的情况下，差异可能会大得多。该报告包含了许多具有巨大潜力的证据，但指出，实现设计潜力需要对行业内的流程进行根本性的重新评估，从设计和施工到与供应链的关系以及劳动力的发展。研究人员得出的结论是，即使建筑商努力尝试，当前的主流技术和组织实践以及行业文化也对持续实现低碳和零碳绩效构成了障碍。他们认为，其根本原因深深植根于房屋建筑行业的各个层面。他们还指出，如果流程和文化没有根本性的改变，技术创新，无论是基于传统建筑还是现代方法，都不太可能充分发挥其潜力。该报告阐述了对英国新建住房的一系列广泛影响，这些影响在第 14 章中给出，并在结论中坚定地宣称政府、开发商、供应链、教育工作者和研究人员之间的合作对于改善至关重要。利兹城市大学和伦敦大学学院的研究人员已在教学和进一步的研究项目中将本报告中的建议付诸实践。这项工作的影响已在 2008 年作为 LowCarb4Real 项目一部分举办的一系列研讨会上得到了整个行业的讨论（参见 http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/as/cebe/projects/lowcarb4real/index.htm）。此外，这次学习也对开发人员（Redrow 和 Taylor Wimpey）的工作产生了影响，他们以非凡的远见和热情主持了该项目。本报告旨在让调查结果得到更广泛的传播，并供所有参与实现低碳和零碳住房的人考虑。
This report is aimed at those with interests in the procurement, design and construction of new dwellings both now and in the coming years as the Government’s increasingly stringent targets for low and zero carbon housing approach. It conveys the results of a research project, carried out between 2001 and 2008, that was designed to evaluate the extent to which low carbon housing standards can be achieved in the context of a large commercial housing development. The research was led by Leeds Metropolitan University in collaboration with University College London and was based on the Stamford Brook development in Altrincham, Cheshire. The project partners were the National Trust, Redrow and Taylor Wimpey and some 60 percent of the planned 700 dwelling development has been completed up to June 2008. As the UK house building industry and its suppliers grapple with the challenges of achieving zero carbon housing by 2016, the lessons arising from this project are timely and of considerable value. Stamford Brook has demonstrated that designing masonry dwellings to achieve an enhanced energy standard is feasible and that a number of innovative approaches, particularly in the area of airtightness, can be successful. The dwellings, as built, exceed the Building Regulations requirements in force at the time but tests on the completed dwellings and longer term monitoring of performance has shown that, overall, energy consumption and carbon emissions, under standard occupancy, are around 20 to 25 percent higher than design predictions. In the case of heat loss, the discrepancy can be much higher. The report contains much evidence of considerable potential but points out that realising the design potential requires a fundamental reappraisal of processes within the industry from design and construction to the relationship with its supply chain and the development of the workforce. The researchers conclude that, even when builders try hard, current mainstream technical and organisational practices together with industry cultures present barriers to consistent delivery of low and zero carbon performance. They suggest that the underlying reasons for this are deeply embedded at all levels of the house building industry. They point out also that without fundamental change in processes and cultures, technological innovations, whether they be based on traditional construction or modern methods are unlikely to reach their full potential. The report sets out a series of wide ranging implications for new housing in the UK, which are given in Chapter 14 and concludes by firmly declaring that cooperation between government, developers, supply chains, educators and researchers will be crucial to improvement. The recommendations in this report are already being put into practice by the researchers at Leeds Metropolitan University and University College London in their teaching and in further research projects. The implications of the work have been discussed across the industry at a series of workshops undertaken in 2008 as part of the LowCarb4Real project (see http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/as/cebe/projects/lowcarb4real/index.htm). In addition, the learning is having an impact on the work of the developers (Redrow and Taylor Wimpey) who, with remarkable foresight and enthusiasm, hosted the project. This report seeks to make the findings more widely available and is offered for consideration by everyone who has a part to play in making low and zero carbon housing a reality.