Citizen science, public policy.
Citizen science, public policy.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/science.aar8379
复制
发表时间：
2018-07-13
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McGuire AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guerrini CJ;Majumder MA;Lewellyn MJ;McGuire AL
支持科学家和公众之间合作的公民科学计划正在蓬勃发展。由于公众作用的增强，公民科学比传统科学表现出更多的多样性和灵活性，并且可以包含没有机构隶属关系、完全由参与者资助、或不断或突然改变其科学目标的努力。但是这些结构上的差异具有监管意义，可能会破坏特定公民科学项目的完整性、安全性或参与性目标。到目前为止，公民科学似乎正在通过深思熟虑和善意的实践者的自愿行动来解决监管缺口和不匹配问题。但是，随着公民科学的不断普及，越来越多地涉及不同的利益群体、弱势群体和敏感数据，重要的是要考虑这些私人行动的长期有效性，以及是否应该调整公共政策以补充或改进它们。在这里，我们重点关注与大多数公民科学项目相关的三个政策领域：知识产权（IP）、科学诚信和参与者保护。虽然公民科学的定义界限存在争议，但普遍的共识是，公民科学包括没有受过特定科学训练的个人作为志愿者参与一项或多项与研究过程相关的活动，而不是（或除了）允许从他们那里收集个人数据或标本。这些活动可以在研究过程中的任何时候进行，包括参与研究设计、数据收集和分析以及结果的传播(1)。它们甚至可能包括整个研究过程，在这个过程中，如在协调的自我实验中，专业科学家的作用是最小的。
Citizen science initiatives that support collaborations between researchers and the public are flourishing. As a result of this enhanced role of the public, citizen science demonstrates more diversity and flexibility than traditional science and can encompass efforts that have no institutional affiliation, are funded entirely by participants, or continuously or suddenly change their scientific aims. But these structural differences have regulatory implications that could undermine the integrity, safety, or participatory goals of particular citizen science projects. Thus far, citizen science appears to be addressing regulatory gaps and mismatches through the voluntary actions of thoughtful and well-intentioned practitioners. But as citizen science continues to surge in popularity and increasingly engage divergent interests, vulnerable populations, and sensitive data, it is important to consider the long-term effectiveness of these private actions and whether public policies should be adjusted to complement or improve on them. Here, we focus on three policy domains that are relevant to most citizen science projects: intellectual property (IP), scientific integrity, and participant protections.While the definitional bounds of citizen science are debated, there is general consensus that citizen science encompasses scientific endeavors in which individuals without specific scientific training participate as volunteers in one or more activities relevant to the research process other than (or in addition to) allowing personal data or specimens to be collected from them. These activities might take place at any point during the research process and include participation in study design, data collection and analysis, and dissemination of results (1). They might even encompass the entirety of the research process where, as in coordinated self-experimentation, the role of professional scientists is minimal.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
6
作者：
Resnik, David B.;Elliott, Kevin C.;Miller, Aubrey K.
通讯作者：
Miller, Aubrey K.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Shirk, Jennifer L.;Ballard, Heidi L.;Bonney, Rick
通讯作者：
Bonney, Rick
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Rothstein, Mark A.
通讯作者：
Rothstein, Mark A.
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Kosmala, Margaret;Wiggins, Andrea;Simmons, Brooke
通讯作者：
Simmons, Brooke
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Janssens AC;Kraft P
通讯作者：
Kraft P