Pride and prejudice: Fear of death and social behavior
Pride and prejudice: Fear of death and social behavior
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8721.00094
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Pyszczynski, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Solomon, S;Greenberg, J;Pyszczynski, T
恐怖管理理论认为，对死亡的认识可能会产生令人瘫痪的恐怖，而文化世界观可以缓解这种恐怖：人类创造的、共同的信仰，使个人感觉自己是一个持久的、有意义的宇宙的宝贵成员（自尊），因此有资格在死亡后获得安全和延续。因此，自尊具有缓冲焦虑的基本心理功能。支持这一观点的研究表明，增强自尊可以减少焦虑，提醒死亡会加强对自尊的追求；这项研究表明，自尊对于心理平静至关重要。文化世界观服务于为死亡超越提供基础的基本心理功能。如果这是真的，对死亡的提醒应该会刺激一个人的世界观的增强。超过 80 项研究支持了这一观点，最常见的是证明，让死亡暂时变得显着会增加人们对支持自己世界观的人的好感，以及对那些持不同世界观的人的敌意。这项工作有助于解释人类群体间偏见和暴力的可怕历史：仅仅具有不同信仰的人的存在就威胁着我们心理安全的主要基础；因此，我们的反应是克减、同化或消灭。
Terror management theory posits that awareness of mortality engenders a potential for paralyzing terror, which is assuaged by cultural worldviews: humanly created, shared beliefs that provide individuals with the sense they are valuable members of an enduring, meaningful universe (self-esteem), and hence are qualified for safety and continuance beyond death. Thus, self-esteem serves the fundamental psychological function of buffering anxiety. in support of this view, studies have shown that bolstering self-esteem reduces anxiety and that reminders of mortality intensify striving for self-esteem; this research suggests that self-esteem is critical for psychological equanimity. Cultural worldviews serves the fundamental psychological function of providing the basis for death transcendence. To the extent this is true, reminders of mortality should stimulate bolstering, of one's worldview. More than 80 studies have supported this idea, most commonly by demonstrating that making death momentarily salient increases liking for people who support one's worldview and hostility toward those with alternative worldviews. This work helps explain human beings' dreadful history of intergroup prejudice and violence: The mere existence of people with different beliefs threatens our primary basis of psychological security; we therefore respond by derogation, assimilation efforts, or annihilation.