Women’s Participation in the Facilitation of Human Smuggling: The Case of the US Southwest
Women’s Participation in the Facilitation of Human Smuggling: The Case of the US Southwest
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妇女参与协助人口走私：美国西南部的案例
DOI：
10.1080/14650045.2016.1140645
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gabriella Sanchez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gabriella Sanchez
摘要尽管人口走私在非正常移徙中发挥着核心作用，但对这种做法及其促成者的实证研究却很少。从人种学的观察和数据，目前在法庭上的案件，本文探讨了妇女在提供人口走私服务在亚利桑那州凤凰城，这是由21世纪之交成为美国的主要枢纽之一，非正常移民的作用。虽然在以男性为中心的关于剥削、非法移民和暴力的叙述占主导地位的关于偷运的主流言论中经常被忽视，但妇女在促进非正常移徙方面发挥着重要作用。他们招募客户，谈判费用和付款计划;从银行和电汇商店提取走私付款，照顾移民并驾驶或引导过境者穿越沙漠。本文认为，在最近的人类学奖学金不稳定的劳动形式，目前在全球化下，非正规移民的便利构成了其参与者的一个有效的，合法的劳动形式。走私行为者既不是掠夺者，也不是掠夺者，而是普通人，他们在当代新自由主义生活的不稳定中经历着大量的紧张局势。
ABSTRACT Despite the central role of human smuggling in irregular migration, empirical research on the practice and its facilitators has been scant. Drawing from ethnographic observations and data present in court cases, this essay explores the roles of women at providing human smuggling services in Phoenix, Arizona, which by the turn of the twenty-first century became one of the US main hubs for irregular migration. While frequently overlooked within the mainstream rhetoric of smuggling dominated by male-centred narratives of exploitation, victimisation and violence, women play fundamental roles in the facilitation of irregular migration. They recruit customers, negotiate fees and payment plans; withdraw smuggling payments from banks and wire transfer stores, care for migrants and drive or guide groups of border crossers through the desert. This essay argues, in line with recent anthropological scholarship on precarious forms of labour present under globalisation, that the facilitation of irregular migration constitutes for its participants a valid, legitimate form of labour. Smuggling actors are neither predators nor victimisers, but rather ordinary people experiencing the tensions abundant in the precarity of contemporary, neoliberal life.