Developments in the Stratigraphy of Snow
Developments in the Stratigraphy of Snow
复制标题
雪地层学的发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Schneebeli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Pielmeier;M. Schneebeli
地面上的雪可以看作是性质迅速变化的风成沉积物。我们探讨了瑞士（阿尔卑斯山）雪的地层学的历史，以显示趋势和发展。对雪地层学的观察开始于世纪的地质重点，描述是肤浅的，只是口头的。世纪初期，人们对雪地层学的兴趣日益浓厚。详细的描述和图纸可用。对坡面尺度地貌特征和地表过程进行了观测和记录。从20世纪40年代开始，人们对“均质”地层的物理和机械性质的兴趣发生了转变，从以斜率为中心的方法转向以样品为中心的方法。地层描述变得一维，定义明确的层的概念得到接受，今天仍然占主导地位。然而，所有的物理和力学过程都与雪力学性质的空间变异性密切相关。新的工具的发展表明，感知的严格分层可能是一个过于简单的模型。从国际上讨论了现代雪地层学的要求，即综合不同尺度和现代技术。
Snow on the ground can be regarded as aeolian sediment with rapidly changing properties. We explore the Swiss (Alpine) history of stratigraphy of snow to show the trends and developments. The observation of snow stratigraphy starts in the 18th and 19th century with a geologic focus, descriptions are superficial and only verbal. In the early 20th century, the scientific interest in snow stratigraphy increases. Detailed descriptions and drawings become available. Slope scale geomorphologic features and surface processes were observed and documented. Starting from the 1940s, a shift of interest to the physical and mechanical properties in “homogeneous” layers takes place, from a slope-centred approach to a sample-centred approach. Stratigraphic description becomes one-dimensional, and the concept of well-defined layers gets accepted and still predominates today. However, all physical and mechanical processes are strongly related to the spatial variability of the snow mechanical properties. New instrumental developments show that the perceived strict layering may be a too simple model. The requirements for modern snow stratigraphy, integrating different scales and modern technology, is discussed from an international viewpoint.