SONAR SYSTEM OF BLIND
SONAR SYSTEM OF BLIND
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DOI：
10.1126/science.137.3528.399
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发表时间：
1962-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
KELLOGG, WN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KELLOGG, WN
对两名盲人受试者和两名正常对照进行听觉扫描测试。每个观察者都会发出自己的声音，并使用他认为最好的自然声音。这些包括说话、唱歌、吹口哨、嘶嘶声、打响指和打舌头。采用恒定刺激法（常数法）和配对比较法测定灵敏度。计算心理物理曲线和阈值。其中一名失明者的距离或深度感知能力使得他能够感知到放置在他面前 2 英尺处的一个 1 英尺圆盘的 4.3 英寸的运动。这种能力的阈值分数平均约为 1/4，与单眼深度感知的阈值分数相比毫不逊色。在距离恒定的情况下，不同大小的物体之间的区分并不那么准确，但仍然很显着。失明的受试者还可以区分由金属、木材、牛仔布和天鹅绒制成的相同尺寸的目标。这些物体中的每一个都与其他物体“听起来不同”。密度相似的物体，[长划线]例如，涂漆和未涂漆的木材，或金属和玻璃 - 是无法区分的。正常对照组的判断几乎从未高于纯粹偶然的水平。
Two blind subjects and 2 normal controls were tested for auditory scanning. Each observer made his own noises and used whatever natural sounds he considered best. These included talking, singing, whistling, hissing, snapping the fingers, and tongue-clicking. The method of constant stimuli (the method of constants) and the method of paired comparisons were employed to determine sensitivity. Psychophysical curves and threshold values were computed. The distance or depth perception of one of the blinded individuals was such that he could perceive a movement of 4.3 inches of a 1-foot disc placed 2 feet in front of him. Threshold fractions for this ability averaged about 1/4 and compared favorably with those for monocular depth perception. The discrimination between objects of different sizes, with distance constant, was not so accurate but was nevertheless remarkable. The blinded subjects could also distinguish between targets of the same size which were made of metal, wood, denim cloth, and velvet. Each of these objects simply "sounded different" from the others. Objects of similar density, [long dash]for example, painted and unpainted wood, or metal and glass - were indistinguishable. The judgments of the normal control subjects were almost never above the level of pure chance.