A mineralogical study in contrasts: highly mineralized whale rostrum and human enamel.
A mineralogical study in contrasts: highly mineralized whale rostrum and human enamel.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep16511
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发表时间：
2015-11-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Pasteris JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Z;AI-Jawad M;Siddiqui S;Pasteris JD
人类牙齿的最外层釉质和鲸鱼Mesoplodon densirostris的喙是两种高度矿化的组织，其含有超过95 wt.%矿物，即，生物磷灰石。然而，相同的矿物类型（碳酸化羟基磷灰石）不产生相同的材料性能，所揭示的拉曼光谱，扫描电子显微镜，电子探针分析，和同步加速器X-射线衍射分析。总的来说，牙齿最外层的釉质比喙具有更均匀的物理和化学特征。喙和釉质的化学比较表明，生物磷灰石在喙富含Na，Mg，CO 3和S，而最外层的釉质仅显示出轻微富集的Cl浓度。形态学上，矿物棒（在几十μm尺度），微晶和棱柱（在μm和亚μm尺度），和血小板（在几十nm尺度）都表现出较低的组织结构在喙比在釉质。两种矿化组织之间的这种对比表明了不同的生物矿化途径，例如，矿物质和体液之间平衡的本质。这项研究说明了磷灰石矿物结构的显着灵活性，以匹配其化学和物理特性，以满足同一动物或物种之间的特定生物需求。
The outermost enamel of the human tooth and the rostrum of the whale Mesoplodon densirostris are two highly mineralized tissues that contain over 95 wt.% mineral, i.e., bioapatite. However, the same mineral type (carbonated hydroxylapatite) does not yield the same material properties, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. Overall, the outermost enamel of a tooth has more homogeneous physical and chemical features than the rostrum. Chemical comparison of rostrum and enamel shows bioapatite in the rostrum to be enriched in Na, Mg, CO3, and S, whereas the outermost enamel shows only a slightly enriched Cl concentration. Morphologically, mineral rods (at tens of μm scale), crystallites and prisms (at μm and sub-μm scale), and platelets (at tens of nm scale) all demonstrate less organized texture in the rostrum than in enamel. Such contrasts between two mineralized tissues suggest distinct pathways of biomineralization, e.g., the nature of the equilibrium between mineral and body fluid. This study illustrates the remarkable flexibility of the apatite mineral structure to match its chemical and physical properties to specific biological needs within the same animal or between species.