CONSISTENT SEX-DIFFERENCES IN CORTISOL RESPONSES TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS
CONSISTENT SEX-DIFFERENCES IN CORTISOL RESPONSES TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-199211000-00004
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发表时间：
1992-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
HELLHAMMER, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KIRSCHBAUM, C;WUST, S;HELLHAMMER, D
在四项独立研究中，研究了健康青少年和成人对心理压力的皮质醇反应的性别差异[总n = 153]。在观众面前公开演讲和心算[研究1-3]可靠地诱导了两种性别的游离皮质醇水平的增加，比基线水平增加2- 4倍。男性的平均皮质醇反应是女性的1.5- 2倍。在研究3中，在人促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素[h-CRH]和自行车测力计后，额外研究了皮质醇谱，直至力竭。在这里，两种性别显示出非常相似的肾上腺皮质反应。此外，男性在预期心理压力情况下表现出皮质醇水平升高，而实际上不必执行任务[研究4]。在这种情况下，女性皮质醇浓度不变或下降。从这些数据中，我们得出结论，观察到的性别差异并不反映女性肾上腺皮质的整体反应性较低。虽然这些研究没有提供结论性的数据，我们建议性别差异的认知和/或情绪反应，痛苦的心理社会情况，这反过来可能会影响皮质醇分泌。
In four independent studies, sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress were investigated in healthy adolescents and adults [total n = 153]. Public speaking and mental arithmetic in front of an audience [Studies 1-3] reliably induced increases in free cortisol levels in both sexes with 2- to 4-fold increases above baseline levels. Mean cortisol responses were 1.5- to 2-fold higher in men compared with women. In Study 3, cortisol profiles were additionally investigated after human corticotropin-releasing hormone [h-CRH] and bicycle ergometry until exhaustion. Here, both sexes showed very similar adrenocortical responses. Furthermore, men showed elevated cortisol levels in anticipation of the,psychological stress situation without actually having to perform the tasks [Study 4]. Under this condition cortisol concentration was unchanged or decreased in women. From these data we conclude that the observed sex difference does not reflect an overall lower responsiveness of the female adrenal cortex. Although these,studies do not provide conclusive data, we suggest sex differences in cognitive and/or emotional responses to distressing psychosocial situations which in turn may influence cortisol secretion.