Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants
Liverworts to the rescue: an investigation of their efficacy as mycorrhizal inoculum for vascular plants
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12580
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Bidartondo, Martin I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kowal, Jill;Pressel, Silvia;Bidartondo, Martin I.
1. Pezoloma ericae (D.J. Read) Baral是一种分布广泛的植物菌根真菌，已知在体外与几个叶苔科（Schistochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Cephaloziaceae, Cephaloziellaceae）形成细胞内关联。维管植物和非维管植物之间这种联系的生态意义尚不清楚。真菌共生体是从叶苔类地物（cephalalozia connivens, Dicks）的块根中分离得到的。Lindb。和双头蠓（L.）喑哑。（大头草科），以及从欧洲石南的两个优势的ericoid菌根形成物种，Erica tetralix （L.）和Calluna vulgaris （L.）的发根。利用单菌种的纯培养物，我们重新合成了地衣与真菌的结合，将定殖的地衣作为接种物，应用于支持石南石楠幼苗和插枝生长的基质上。通过萌发、生根、植物定殖、淹水胁迫下植物存活率和植物高度长势等指标，对有和无苔类和/或真菌的试验体系的影响进行了量化。从苔类根中生长的真菌共生体很容易定植在灰芹属植物的毛根上，形成典型的灰芹类菌根。携带菌体的苔类植物的存在导致了植物生长的显著增加。对接种的应答性较低。埃里卡属的插枝如果与先前已定居的苔类茎套种，则能更成功地生根和存活。在现实的生态环境下，我们证明了苔类植物可以传递菌根接种物，促进维管植物的建立。我们认为，共生非维管植物可以通过提供菌根接种物的来源，促进以菌根植物为主的植物群落的恢复。这项研究使我们对菌根菌在生态系统中的作用有了更广泛的认识。
1. Pezoloma ericae (D.J. Read) Baral, a widespread mycorrhizal fungus of plants in the Ericales, is known to form intracellular associations with several families of leafy liverworts (Schistochilaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Cephaloziaceae, Cephaloziellaceae) in vitro. The ecological significance of this link between vascular and non-vascular plants is unknown.2. Fungal symbionts were isolated from rhizoids of the leafy liverworts Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. and C. bicuspidata (L.) Dum. (Cephaloziaceae), as well as from the hair roots of two dominant ericoid mycorrhiza-forming species of European heathlands, Erica tetralix (L.) and Calluna vulgaris (L.).3. Using pure cultures of P. ericae, we resynthesized liverwort-fungus associations to use colonized liverworts as inoculum which was applied to substrates supporting the growth of heather seedlings and cuttings. Effects were quantified using germination, rooting, plant colonization, plant survival under waterlogging stress and growth in height in experimental systems with and without liverworts and/or fungi.4. Fungal symbionts growing from liverwort rhizoids readily colonized the hair roots of ericaceous plants to form typical ericoid mycorrhizas.5. The presence of inoculum-bearing liverworts led to significant increases in plant growth. Erica tetralix was more responsive to inoculation than C. vulgaris.6. Ericaceous cuttings rooted and survived more successfully when they were coplanted with previously colonized liverwort stems.7. We demonstrate, under realistic ecological circumstances, that liverworts can deliver mycorrhizal inoculum and improve the establishment of vascular plants. We propose that by providing sources of mycorrhizal inoculum, symbiotic non-vascular plants can contribute to the restoration of plant communities dominated by Ericales plants. This research leads to broader knowledge about the function of ericoid mycorrhizas in ecosystems.