Seasonal dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in eastern North American house finches
Seasonal dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in eastern North American house finches
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00807.x
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dhondt, AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Altizer, S;Hochachka, WM;Dhondt, AA
1.鸡毒支原体（Mycoplasma gallisepticum）是一种新出现的眼病，在1994年首次报告感染鸟类后，在美国东部的野生家雀（Carpodacus mexicanus）中迅速传播。感染的标志性迹象使人们能够在地方和全大陆范围内对疾病进行系统监测，自疟疾发生以来已有7年多。利用公民科学志愿者网络收集的数据，我们研究了北美东部三个不同气候地区77个月期间（1994年11月至2001年3月）支原体结膜炎的长期趋势和季节动态。来自所有三个区域的时间序列流行率数据表明，在建立之后，每年流行率的季节性波动明显，其特点是秋冬流行（10月和2月）和夏季持续下降（5月至7月流行率下降到接近零）。最高峰、年增长率和流行时间在三个由冬季最低气温划定的地理位置之间各不相同。南方每年秋季的流行率增长更快，南方的最大流行率几乎是寒冷的北部和中部地区的三倍。长期趋势表明，流行率存在多年波动，南部地区波动幅度较大。最后，从类似的公民科学数据集得出的家雀鸟群规模的月度估计显示，冬季鸟群规模与北方和中部地区的月平均流行率呈正相关，尽管鸟群规模的区域差异与最大流行率的区域差异并不对应。这项研究首次证明了这种最近出现的野生动物病原体的多年波动、区域差异和高度可预测的年度爆发。与家雀生活史和行为相关的几个因素可能有助于流行率的时空变化，包括宿主繁殖、社会行为和环境对宿主压力或免疫能力的影响的年度变化。
1. Mycoplasma gallisepticum is an emerging eye disease that spread rapidly among wild house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in the eastern United States following initial reports of infected birds in 1994. The hallmark signs of infection have allowed systematic monitoring of disease at both local and continent-wide scales for more than 7 years since the onset of the epidemic.2. Using data collected by a network of citizen science volunteers, we examined both long-term trends and seasonal dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in three different climatic regions in eastern North America over a 77-month period (November 1994-March 2001).3. Time-series prevalence data from all three regions suggest that following establishment, marked seasonal fluctuations in prevalence each year were characterized by autumn-winter epidemics (in October and February) and consistent summer declines (with prevalence falling close to zero from May to July).4. The maximum peak, annual rates of increase and timing of epidemics varied among three geographical locations that were delineated by minimum winter temperatures. Annual autumn prevalence in the South increased more rapidly, and maximum prevalence was nearly three times greater in the South than in the colder North and Central regions.5. Longer-term trends showed evidence for multiyear fluctuations in prevalence that were characterized by greater amplitude in the southern region.6. Finally, monthly estimates of house finch flock sizes derived from a similar citizen science data set showed that winter flock sizes were associated positively with average monthly prevalence in the northern and central regions, although regional differences in flock sizes did not correspond to regional differences in maximum prevalence.7. This study represents the first evidence of multiyear fluctuations, regional differences and highly predictable annual outbreaks of this recently emerged wildlife pathogen. Several factors associated with house finch life history and behaviour are likely to contribute to temporal and spatial variation in prevalence, including annual changes in host reproduction, social behaviour and environmental effects on host stress or immunocompetence.