Trophic diversity within the eastern Weddell Sea amphipod community
Trophic diversity within the eastern Weddell Sea amphipod community
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1017596120422
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
De Broyer, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dauby, P;Scailteur, Y;De Broyer, C
端足甲壳类动物是南极大型底栖动物中最多样化的动物群体之一，无论是从分类学角度（在南大洋已记录了800多个物种），还是从生态位占据角度，还是从群落一级来看。因此，端足类动物很可能在南极海底发生的有机物通量中发挥重要作用。这些peracarids的饮食行为仍然知之甚少，只有少数物种进行了分析。本文描述了一些优势端足类物种的东威德尔海底栖动物的营养偏好，推断胃内容物分析和行为观察水族馆。解剖了15科27属40种1000多个标本，并将数千个个体在水族箱中保存6-9周，并提供各种潜在的食物。这两种方法揭示了至少8种不同的摄食类型：悬浮摄食、沉积物摄食、沉积物摄食与捕食相结合、机会性捕食、微捕食性浏览、巨捕食与清除相结合、机会性尸食性和真尸食性。这些不同的行为几乎涵盖了所有可能的喂养类型，除了大型草食性浏览。在所描述的八种摄食类型中，没有一种是占主导地位的。以同样的方式，涉及微噬和巨噬的类型同样代表。捕食类型（机会或排他性）占64%的物种分析，而清除类型（兼性或专性）占60%。这种重叠表明，许多端足类物种具有广泛的食物谱，能够利用不同的食物资源。
Amphipod crustaceans form one of the most diversified animal groups within the Antarctic macrozoobenthos, both from the taxonomic point of view (more than 800 species have been recorded in the Southern Ocean) as by niche occupation and at the community level. Thus, amphipods are likely to play an important role in the organic matter fluxes that occur on the Antarctic sea floor. The dietary behaviour of these peracarids is still poorly known, and only few species have been analysed. This paper describes the trophic preferences of some dominant amphipod species of the Eastern Weddell Sea benthos, deduced from stomach content analyses and behavioural observations in aquaria. More than 1000 specimens, belonging to 40 species (representing 27 genera and 15 families) were dissected; and several thousands of individuals were kept in aquaria for 6-9 weeks and presented with various potential foods. These two approaches revealed at least eight different feeding types: suspension-feeding, deposit-feeding, deposit-feeding coupled with predation, opportunistic predation, micropredatory browsing, macropredation coupled with scavenging, opportunistic necrophagy and true necrophagy. These different behaviours cover almost all the possible feeding types with the exception of macroherbivorous browsing. Among the eight described feeding types, no particular one is dominant. In the same way, types involving microphagy and macrophagy are equally represented. Predatory types (opportunistic or exclusive) account for 64% of the species analysed, while scavenging types (facultative or obligate) account for 60%. The overlap suggests that many amphipod species have a wide dietary spectrum and are able to take advantage of different food resources.