Fatty acid profiles in Leishmania spp. isolates with natural resistance to nitric oxide and trivalent antimony
Fatty acid profiles in Leishmania spp. isolates with natural resistance to nitric oxide and trivalent antimony
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DOI：
10.1007/s00436-013-3621-y
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Miranda Fernandes, Roberta Pereira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Azevedo, Alana Freire;de Lisboa Dutra, Jorge Luis;Miranda Fernandes, Roberta Pereira
脂肪酸，特别是来自磷脂（PLFA）的脂肪酸，是在自然条件下以相对恒定的比例存在于生物膜中的必需膜组分。然而，在有害的生长条件下，如疾病，环境变化和化学暴露，脂肪酸比例可能会有所不同。如果这些变化可以被识别并显示为特定于不良情况，则它们可以用作生物标志物。这些生物标志物可以促进对特定化疗剂的毒力和抗性机制的鉴定。因此，特定的生物标志物可以导致更好的治疗决策，从而提高治疗效果。本研究的目的是比较三价锑和一氧化氮（NO）的抗性和敏感的恰加斯利什曼原虫和亚马逊利什曼原虫分离株的脂肪酸谱。脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）从总脂质（HDL）、酯连接脂质（ELFA）和酯连接磷脂（PLFA）中获得。通过色谱法和质谱法分析FAME。通过非度量多维标度、多响应排列程序和指示种属分析评估FAME谱中的种属或耐药性相关差异。分离物组具有不同的MIDI-FAME谱。然而，ELFA和PLFA谱在敏感菌株和耐药菌株之间均无差异。在敏感分离株中，脂肪酸18：1 Δ 9 c的水平增加（p <0.001），而脂肪酸20：4 Δ 5，8，11，14显示出相反的趋势（p < 0.01）。因此，这两种脂肪酸可能是乳酸菌抗NO和抗锑的潜在生物标志物。chagasi和L.亚马逊河流域，他们可能是有帮助的治疗诊断。
Fatty acids, especially those from phospholipids (PLFA), are essential membrane components that are present in relatively constant proportions in biological membranes under natural conditions. However, under harmful growth conditions, such as diseases, environmental changes, and chemical exposure, the fatty acid proportions might vary. If such changes could be identified and revealed to be specific for adverse situations, they could be used as biomarkers. Such biomarkers could facilitate the identification of virulence and resistance mechanisms to particular chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, specific biomarkers could lead to better therapeutic decisions that would, in turn, enhance treatment effectiveness. The objective of this study was to compare the fatty acid profiles of trivalent antimony and nitric oxide (NO)-resistant and -sensitive Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis isolates. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained from total lipids (MIDI), ester-linked lipids (ELFA), and ester-linked phospholipids (PLFA). FAMEs were analyzed by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Species- or resistance-associated differences in FAME profiles were assessed by nonmetric multidimensional scaling, multiresponse permutation procedures, and indicator species analyses. The isolate groups had different MIDI-FAME profiles. However, neither the ELFA nor PLFA profiles differed between the sensitive and resistant isolates. Levels of the fatty acid 18:1 Delta 9c were increased in sensitive isolates (p < 0,001), whereas the fatty acid 20:4 Delta 5,8,11,14 showed the opposite trend (p < 0.01). We conclude that these two fatty acids are potential biomarkers for NO and antimony resistance in L. chagasi and L. amazonensis and that they could be helpful in therapeutic diagnoses.