Magmatic controls on axial relief and faulting at mid-ocean ridges

Magmatic controls on axial relief and faulting at mid-ocean ridges
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岩浆对大洋中脊轴向起伏和断层的控制

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2018.03.045
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Buck, W. Roger
Buck, W. Roger
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu, Zhonglan;Buck, W. Roger

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以前的模型不能同时再现在板块扩张中心观测到的轴向起伏和断层形态的范围。我们认为,这种破坏是由于岩浆岩脉的近似连续开放,而不是在离散事件中开放。在短暂的事件中,岩脉不仅在强轴向岩石圈中打开,而且在一段距离内打开到下面较弱的软流层。轴向谷起伏影响岩石圈和软流圈岩浆在岩石圈和软流圈之间的分配。山谷越深,每次喷发中进入岩石圈岩脉的岩浆就越多,岩脉的平均打开速率也就越大。岩石圈岩脉开放的长期速率控制着断裂速率和轴向深度。轴向谷深D与岩石圈脉开率之间的反馈关系使我们能够将D的稳态值与岩石圈厚度H L和地壳厚度H c解析联系起来。一个具有固定轴向岩石圈结构的二维模型数值模型说明了解析模型对轴向断裂的意义。该模型的预测结果与轴向深度和断层模式随H - L和H - C的全球和分段趋势基本一致。
Previous models do not simultaneously reproduce the observed range of axial relief and fault patterns at plate spreading centers. We suggest that this failure is due to the approximation that magmatic dikes open continuously rather than in discrete events. During short–lived events, dikes open not only in the strong axial lithosphere but also some distance into the underlying weaker asthenosphere. Axial valley relief affects the partitioning of magma between the lithosphere and asthenosphere during diking events. The deeper the valley, the more magma goes into lithospheric dikes in each event and so the greater the average opening rate of those dikes. The long-term rate of lithospheric dike opening controls faulting rate and axial depth. The feedback between axial valley depth D and lithospheric dike opening rate allows us to analytically relate steady-state values of D to lithospheric thickness H L and crustal thickness H C. A two-dimensional model numerical model with a fixed axial lithospheric structure illustrates the analytic model implications for axial faulting. The predictions of this new model are broadly consistent with global and segment-scale trends of axial depth and fault patterns with H L and H C.
1978 年 7 月冰岛东北部克拉夫拉火山塌陷期间横向岩浆侵入的地震学证据
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