A craniometric analysis of early modern Romania and Hungary: The roles of migration and conversion in shaping European Ottoman population history: ALLEN and von CRAMON-TAUBADEL
A craniometric analysis of early modern Romania and Hungary: The roles of migration and conversion in shaping European Ottoman population history: ALLEN and von CRAMON-TAUBADEL
复制标题
现代早期罗马尼亚和匈牙利的颅骨测量分析：移民和皈依在塑造欧洲奥斯曼人口历史中的作用：艾伦和冯·克拉蒙-陶巴德尔
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23287
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Kathryn Grow;von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen
关于16世纪和17世纪奥斯曼帝国扩张期间定居的欧洲奥斯曼社区的生物构成，以及转换和移民在塑造人口和人口历史中的作用，争论仍然存在。本研究的目的是基于颅测量数据对三个欧洲奥斯曼系列的生物亲和性进行评估。材料和方法从匈牙利和罗马尼亚的三个奥斯曼系列中收集的测量数据与欧洲和安纳托利亚的比较系列进行比较，选择代表历史记录的迁移和转换影响的生物亲缘性。使用D2 -矩阵分析性别分离的样本，以及主坐标和PERMANOVA分析来调查生物亲和性。判别函数分析将奥斯曼人划分为两个潜在的类别：欧洲人或安纳托利亚人。结果亲和分析显示，在每个奥斯曼社区中，男性和女性之间的生物学差异比预期的要大。判别函数分析表明，大多数奥斯曼人可以高概率地归类为欧洲人或安纳托利亚人。此外，欧洲内部的地理位置证明是有影响力的，因为奥斯曼人来自一个地缘政治更重要的地方（布达佩斯），在生物亲和力模式方面与更内陆的社区不同。结果表明，男性和女性奥斯曼人可能具有不同的种群历史，男性和女性在生物亲和性方面存在差异。奥斯曼社会在构成不同生物背景的民族的混合方面显得多样化。同一社区内两性之间的距离较远，以及社区之间的差异，可能是移徙和转换过程对个人和群体产生不同影响的证据。
ObjectivesDebate persists regarding the biological makeup of European Ottoman communities settled during the expansion of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries, and the roles of conversion and migration in shaping demography and population history. The aim of this study was to perform an assessment of the biological affinities of three European Ottoman series based on craniometric data.Materials and MethodsCraniometric data collected from three Ottoman series from Hungary and Romania were compared to European and Anatolian comparative series, selected to represent biological affinity representative of historically recorded migration and conversion influences. Sex‐separated samples were analyzed using D2‐matrices, along with principal coordinates and PERMANOVA analyses to investigate biological affinities. Discriminant function analysis was employed to assign Ottoman individuals to two potential classes: European or Anatolian.ResultsAffinity analyses show larger than expected biological differences between males and females within each of the Ottoman communities. Discriminant function analyses show that the majority of Ottoman individuals could be classified as either European or Anatolian with a high probability. Moreover, location within Europe proved influential, as the Ottomans from a location of more geopolitical importance (Budapest) diverged from more hinterland communities in terms of biological affinity patterns.DiscussionThe results suggest that male and female Ottomans may possess distinct population histories, with males and females divergent from each other in terms of their biological affinities. The Ottoman communities appear diverse in terms of constituting a mix of peoples from different biological backgrounds. The greater distances between sexes from the same community, and the differences between communities, may be evidence that the processes of migration and conversion impacted individual people and groups diversely.