Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends
Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.016
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发表时间：
2014-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Durbin, Thomas D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karavalakis, Georgios;Short, Daniel;Durbin, Thomas D.
本研究探讨了不同中级乙醇和异丁醇混合物对三辆火花点火式燃油喷射 (SI-PFI) 车辆和两辆 SI 直喷 (DI) 车辆的规定排放、气态空气有毒物质和颗粒物排放的影响，重复三次联邦测试程序 (FTP) 和统一循环 (UC)。本研究使用了七种乙醇和异丁醇含量不同的燃料，包括 E10、E15、E20、Bu16、Bu24、Bu32 以及 E20 和 Bu16 的混合物，形成 E10/Bu8。排放物包括氮氧化物 (NOx)、一氧化碳 (CO)、总碳氢化合物 (THC) 和二氧化碳 (CO2)。此外，还对废气中的羰基化合物、1,3-丁二烯、苯、乙苯、甲苯和二甲苯进行了定量。还测量了颗粒物 (PM)、总颗粒物排放量和黑碳浓度。对于受管制的排放，使用较高浓度的乙醇和丁醇混合物显示 THC、CO、NOx 和 CO2 排放量有所下降，但结果总体上缺乏对整个船队的强劲趋势。与 PFI 车辆相比，SI-DI 车辆的颗粒质量、数量和黑碳排放量较高，并且显示出使用较高乙醇和丁醇混合物时排放量较低的趋势，并且燃料之间的一些差异具有统计显着性。甲醛和乙醛是废气中最丰富的醛类，而丁醛随着丁醇混合物的增加而持续增加。芳香族挥发性有机化合物没有表现出一致的燃料趋势。 (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
This study explores the influence of different mid-level ethanol and iso-butanol blends on the regulated emissions, gaseous air toxics, and particle emissions from three spark ignition port fuel injection (SI-PFI) vehicles and two SI direct injection (DI) vehicles over triplicates Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and Unified Cycles (UC). This study utilized seven fuels with varying ethanol and iso- butanol contents, including E10, E15, E20, Bu16, Bu24, Bu32, and a mixture of E20 and Bu16 resulting in E10/ Bu8. Emissions included nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Additionally, carbonyl compounds, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes were quantified in the exhaust. Particulate matter (PM), total particle number emissions, and black carbon concentrations were also measured. For the regulated emissions, the use of higher ethanol and butanol blends showed some decreases in THC, CO, NOx, and CO2 emissions with the results generally lacking strong trends for the fleet as a whole. Particle mass, number and black carbon emissions were higher for the SI-DI vehicles in comparison with the PFI vehicles, and showed some trends of lower emissions with the use of higher ethanol and butanol blends, with some differences between the fuels being statistically significant. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant aldehydes in the exhaust, while butyraldehyde showed consistent increases with the butanol blends. The aromatic volatile organic compounds did not show consistent fuel trends. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.