An efficient approach for spaceflight solid waste treatment: Co-disposal with hazardous medicine by hydrothermal oxidation process
An efficient approach for spaceflight solid waste treatment: Co-disposal with hazardous medicine by hydrothermal oxidation process
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cej.2018.05.087
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Rui Shi;Zhi-yuan Zhang;Fu-Shen Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rui Shi;Zhi-yuan Zhang;Fu-Shen Zhang
航天固体废物与地面城市固体废物不同，它含有大量的药物，有时需要协同处置。环境控制与生命保障系统（ECLSS）在长期航天任务中的安全运行，关键是对废弃的危险药物进行无害化共处置。采用水热氧化法对固体废弃物和废药物（双氯芬酸钠）混合废弃物进行了解毒和矿化处理。结果表明，在无氧化剂的水热过程中检测到大量有毒的氯代有机物。相反，在氧化剂（H2 O2）存在下，在300 °C以上实现了有效的脱氯和解毒水平。最佳反应条件为：反应温度300 °C，反应时间30 min，H2 O2/废液（H/S）比30 mL/g。在最佳条件下，脱氯效率和碳转化效率分别达到95%和77%以上。此外，在最佳条件下，硝酸盐，TOC和COD也得到了合适的浓度，这意味着HTO过程后的副产物表现出的潜力，植物生长的ECLSS。与其他空间废物氧化处理技术相比，HTO工艺在处理含废医药和固体废弃物的混合废物方面具有明显的技术优势。因此，HTO工艺是一种有前途的、高效的、环境友好的方法，可用于长期航天任务中含有各种有害物质的航天固体废物的处理。
Spaceflight solid waste (SSW) is different from terrestrial municipal solid waste since it contains quite amount of medicines needing co-disposal sometimes. Harmless co-disposal of the hazardous drug discarded into SSW is extremely important for safe operation of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) during long-term space missions. In this work, hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) process was proposed for detoxification and mineralization treatment of the blend waste comprising of SSW and waste drugs (diclofenac sodium, DS). The results showed that a large number of toxic chlorinated organics were detected in the hydrothermal process without oxidant. On the contrary, in the presence of oxidant (H2O2), an efficient dechlorination and detoxification level was achieved above 300 °C. The optimal conditions including temperature, time and H2O2/waste (H/S) ratio were 300 °C, 30 min and 30 mL/g, respectively. The dechloridation efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency under the optimal conditions were over 95% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, a suitable concentration of nitrate, TOC and COD were also obtained under the optimal conditions, implying that the by-products after the HTO process exhibited the potential for plant growing in the ECLSS. Compared with other oxidation techniques for waste disposal in space, HTO process exhibited significant technical advantages of disposing the blend waste containing waste medicines and SSW. Accordingly, HTO process was recommended as a promising, efficient and environment-friendly method to dispose spaceflight solid waste containing various types of hazardous matters during long-term space missions.