The Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature
The Use of Electronic Cigarettes in Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature
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DOI：
10.1097/ogx.0000000000000595
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Cardenas, Victor M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whittington, Julie R.;Simmons, Pamela M.;Cardenas, Victor M.
怀孕期间电子烟的使用一直在稳步增加，并被宣传为怀孕期间吸烟的安全替代品。本综述披露了目前所知的怀孕期间使用电子烟及其对妊娠结局的影响。Objective To determine what is currently known about the prevalence of e-cigarette use in pregnancy and the effects of e-cigarette use on pregnancy and the peripheral/neonatal outcomes.Evidence Acquisition A PubMed，CINAHL，使用检索词“妊娠或妊娠并发症或妊娠结局或新生儿或新生儿或出生”和“电子烟或电子烟进行EMBASE检索。检索范围仅限于英语，检索时间为2007年至2017年10月12日。结果检索出91篇文献，其中40篇为本次综述的基础。电子烟的使用率为0.6%至15%。电子烟使用者消耗的尼古丁量与吸烟者消耗的尼古丁量相当。大多数动物模型研究表明，尼古丁对发育中的胎儿有潜在的危险，主要是因为尼古丁的摄入对免疫系统、神经发育、肺功能和心脏功能有多种影响。有一个普遍存在的错误的看法，即电子烟是安全的，在pregnancy.Conclusions电子烟的使用作为一种更安全的替代吸烟的营销已导致越来越多的使用，即使在怀孕期间。电子烟消耗的尼古丁与吸烟消耗的尼古丁相似。动物研究证实了尼古丁对发育中的胎儿的危害。需要做更多的研究来专门评估电子烟的使用、怀孕和怀孕结果。相关性吸烟时消耗的尼古丁量与电子烟消耗的尼古丁量相似。学习目标完成本活动后，学员应能更好地确定怀孕期间使用电子烟的流行率，分析和比较吸烟与电子烟吸烟消耗的尼古丁，并在动物研究中评估尼古丁摄入对发育中胎儿的风险。
Importance Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in pregnancy has been steadily increasing and has been hyped as being a safe alternative to cigarette smoking during pregnancy. This review discloses what is currently known about e-cigarette use in pregnancy and the effects of its use on pregnancy outcomes.Objective To determine what is currently known about the prevalence of e-cigarette use in pregnancy and the effects of e-cigarette use on pregnancy and perinatal/neonatal outcomes.Evidence Acquisition A PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE search was undertaken using the search terms pregnancy OR pregnancy complications OR pregnancy outcome OR newborn OR neonate OR birth AND electronic cigarettes OR e-cigarettes OR ecigarettes OR vaping OR vape. The search was limited to the English language and between 2007 and October 12, 2017.Results The search identified 91 articles, 40 of which are the basis for this review. The prevalence of e-cigarette use is 0.6% to 15%. The amount of nicotine consumed by e-cigarette users is comparable to that consumed by cigarette smokers. Most of the animal model studies suggest a potential danger to the developing fetus primarily because of the nicotine consumed and that consumption has multiple effects on the immune system, neural development, lung function, and cardiac function. There is a widespread flawed perception that e-cigarettes are safe to use during pregnancy.Conclusions The marketing of e-cigarette use as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking has led to an increasing use even in pregnancy. The nicotine consumed by e-cigarettes is similar to that consumed by cigarette smoking. Animal studies confirm the dangers of nicotine to the developing fetus. More research needs to be done specifically assessing e-cigarette use, pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes.Relevance The amount of nicotine consumed in cigarette smoking is similar to the amount of nicotine consumed with e-cigarettes. The effects of nicotine exposure during fetal development are well known and include effects on multiple organ systems.Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning Objectives After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to determine the prevalence of e-cigarette use in pregnancy, analyze and compare the nicotine consumed with cigarette smoking versus the nicotine consumed with e-cigarette smoking, and evaluate the risk in animal studies of the consumption of nicotine on the developing fetus.