Growth and Management of Mixed-Species, Uneven-Aged Forests in the French Jura: Implications for Economic Returns and Tree Diversity
Growth and Management of Mixed-Species, Uneven-Aged Forests in the French Jura: Implications for Economic Returns and Tree Diversity
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法国汝拉地区混合树种、树龄不均的森林的生长和管理：对经济回报和树木多样性的影响
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Max Bruciamacchie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Buongiorno;J. Peyron;F. Houllier;Max Bruciamacchie
汝拉山脉的森林是法国生产力最高的森林之一。这项研究开发了定量模型来改善这些冷杉、云杉和山毛榉混交林的管理。通过中期预测和长期林分动态模拟来估计和验证林分生长的非线性矩阵模型。生态标准是按物种和大小分类的香农树木多样性指数、任何物种大小类别中树木的最小数量以及断面积。经济标准是收获的现值（扣除生长存量的总价值或净值）以及投资于生长存量的资本的回报率。使用线性和目标规划来确定管理对所有标准的影响，这些管理将保持林分处于稳定状态，并且（i）仅清除枯死的树木，（ii）将森林保持在接近其当前状态的水平，（iii）在达到所需的多样性水平的情况下实现经济效率，（iv）在经济回报有或没有限制的情况下最大化多样性。结果表明，相对于自然林分生长，光照管理可以改善树木多样性。要实现最大的经济效益，就需要大幅减少树木的断面积和平均大小，这将导致树木多样性降低。最大化不受约束的树木多样性代价高昂。兼顾多样性和经济效率的管理层都要求相对于目前的状态减少林分的基础面积。研究了一种将支架从当前状态转变为所需稳态的简单方法。为了。科学。 41（3）：397-429。
The forests of the Jura mountains are among the most productive in France. This study developed quantitative models to improve the management of these mixed forests of fir, spruce, and beech. A nonlinear matrix model of stand growth was estimated and validated with medium-term projections and simulations of long-term stand dynamics. The ecological criteria were Shannon's index of tree diversity by species and size, the minimum number of trees in any species-size class, and basal area. The economic criteria were the present value of harvests, gross or net of the value of the growing stock, and the rate of return on the capital invested in the growing stock. Linear and goal programming were used to determine the effects, on all criteria, of managements that would maintain the stand in a steady state, and either (i) remove only the dead trees, (ii) maintain the forest close to its current state, (iii) achieve economic efficiency, subject to a desired level of diversity, (iv) maximize diversity, with or without constraints on economic returns. The results suggested that a light management could improve tree diversity, relative to natural stand growth. Maximum economic efficiency would require a substantial reduction in basal area and average size of trees, and it would lead to low tree diversity. Maximizing unconstrained tree diversity would be costly. Managements that conciliated diversity and economic efficiency all required a decrease in the basal area of stands, relative to their current state. A simple approach to convert a stand from its current condition to a desired steady state was investigated. For. Sci. 41(3):397-429.