Income risk, coping strategies, and safety nets
Income risk, coping strategies, and safety nets
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DOI：
10.1093/wbro/17.2.141
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Dercon, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dercon, S
发展中国家的农村和城市贫困家庭面临着巨大的风险，他们通过风险管理和风险应对战略，包括通过储蓄和非正规保险机制进行自我保险来应对这些风险。然而，尽管有这些机制，与风险相关的贫困脆弱性仍然很高。本文回顾了有关贫困家庭使用风险管理和风险应对策略的文献。报告指出了影响其有效性的制约因素，并讨论了政策选择。它表明，风险和不稳定性限制了将资产用作保险的机会，进入限制限制了收入多样化的效用，非正式的风险分担只能提供有限的保护，使一些穷人面临非常严重的负面冲击。公共安全网可能是有益的，但其影响有时是有限的，可能对未覆盖的家庭产生负面的外部效应。通过定量和定性方法收集更多关于家庭易受贫困影响的信息有助于为政策提供信息。
Poor rural and urban households in developing countries face substantial risks, which they handle with risk-management and risk-coping strategies, including self-insurance through savings and informal insurance mechanisms. Despite these mechanisms, however, vulnerability to poverty linked to risk remains high. This article reviews the literature on poor households' use of risk-management and risk-coping strategies. It identifies the constraints on their effectiveness and discusses policy options. It shows that risk and lumpiness limit the opportunities to use assets as insurance, that entry constraints limit the usefulness of income diversification, and that informal risk-sharing provides only limited protection, leaving some of the poor exposed to very severe negative shocks. Public safety nets are likely to be beneficial, but their impact is sometimes limited, and they may have negative externalities on households that are not covered. Collecting more information on households' vulnerability to poverty-through both quantitative and qualitative methods-could help inform policy.