New Species of Charon (Amblypygi, Charontidae) from Northern Australia and Christmas Island
New Species of Charon (Amblypygi, Charontidae) from Northern Australia and Christmas Island
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来自澳大利亚北部和圣诞岛的卡戎新种（Amblypygi，Charontidae）
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发表时间：
1998
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. West
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作者：
M. Harvey;P. West
本文记述了卡戎属3个新种：产于北领地潮湿砂岩洞穴的卡戎oenpelli，产于北昆士兰州的卡戎trebax和产于北昆士兰州的卡戎C.来自圣诞岛的gervaisi，位于印度洋的澳大利亚领土。以前归属于该属的种的地位，目前与模式种C。Gravi讨论。卡戎属最早是由Karsch（1879）发现的，他包括了一个来自菲律宾的物种，Phrynus grayi热尔韦（1842），其正模标本保存在伦敦的自然历史博物馆（Butler 1873）。热尔韦（1842，1844）的描述不多，后来又补充了螯肢（Butler，1873）、须肢（Kraepelin，1895，1899; Quintero，1986 ; Weygoldt，1996）和腿（Kraepelin，1899）的插图。该属又增加了7个种，但其中两个后来被转移到其他属：Charon sarawakensis Thorell 1888被Simon（1892）包括在新建立的Sarax属中，沿着的模式种是S。Brachydactylus Simon 1892和Charon cavernicola Thorell 1889，被指定为Stygophrynus Kraepelin 1895的模式种。Karsch（1880）将Hoeven（1842）对Phrynus medius（Herbst 1797）（现在的Damon medius）的描述解释为代表一个单独的物种，他将其命名为Charon hoeveni Karsch。胡芬的描述相对较好，似乎代表了卡戎的一个有效物种。Thorell（1888）根据从印度尼西亚安汶收集的材料增加了另外三个物种（C . beccarii Thorell 1888和C. submandeus Thorell 1888）和新几内亚（C . papuanus Thorell 1888），其中补充了广泛和详细的描述。Charon annulipes Lau'所有信件都应该交给谁。2现住址：Halpern Glick & Maunsell Pty Ltd，629纽卡斯尔St，Leederville，Werstern Australia 6007，Australia 273 terer 1895描述于布里斯班，昆士兰州。本种现在被认为是一个疑名（英语：nomen dubium）（Harvey 1985），因为模式标本被认为已经丢失，最初的描述是令人遗憾的，并且在布里斯班或昆士兰州东南部的任何其他地区都没有进一步的标本被采集到（Monteith 1965）。我们认为它的真实身份永远不会被人知道。Kraepelin（1895，1899）随后将Charon hoeveni，C . beccarii，C . submandeus和C . papuanus，简称C. gravi，并提出了一个说明重新描述的基础上，从马来西亚到所罗门群岛的22个不同的地方，注意到显着的差异，他归因于种内变异。正如下面详细讨论的那样，我们认为Kraepelin的决定是有缺陷的，其中许多名字将被证明是有效的。Kraepelin的多型种概念被应用于其他的无尾目属，后来的作者拒绝了这些属，认为这是对这些类群的种级分类的过度简化（Gravely 1915 ; Mullinex 1975 ; Quintero 1981）。最近在北领地的砂岩洞穴中发现的卡戎标本（Webber 1992）以及在北方昆士兰州和圣诞岛的epigean地区发现的卡戎标本是澳大利亚卡戎属的第一个明确记录。这三个物种在这里正式描述。方法本研究过程中检查的标本存放在以下机构：自然历史博物馆，伦敦（BMNH），热带昆士兰州博物馆，
Three new species of the genus Charon Karsch 1879 are described : Charon oenpelli from humid sandstone caves in the Northern Territory, Charon trebax from an epigean locality in north Queensland, and C. gervaisi from Christmas Island, an Australian territory situated in the Indian Ocean . The status of species formerly attributed to the genus and currently synonymized with the type species C . gravi is discussed . The amblypygid genus Charon was first recognized by Karsch (1879) who included a single species from the Philippines, Phrynus grayi Gervais 1842, the holotype of which is lodged in the Museum of Natural History, London (Butler 1873) . The meager descriptions presented by Gervais (1842, 1844) have since been supplemented by illustrations of the chelicera (Butler 1873), pedipalps (Kraepelin 1895, 1899; Quintero 1986 ; Weygoldt 1996) and legs (Kraepelin 1899) . Seven further species have been added to the genus, but two of these have been subsequently transferred to other genera : Charon sarawakensis Thorell 1888 was included in the newly erected genus Sarax by Simon (1892), along with the type species S. brachydactylus Simon 1892; and Charon cavernicola Thorell 1889, was designated the type species of Stygophrynus Kraepelin 1895 . Karsch (1880) interpreted the description of Phrynus medius (Herbst 1797) (now Damon medius) by Hoeven (1842) as representing a separate species, which he named Charon hoeveni Karsch. Hoeven's description is relatively good and appears to represent a valid species of Charon . Thorell (1888) added three further species based on material collected from Ambon, Indonesia (C . beccarii Thorell 1888 and C. subterraneus Thorell 1888) and New Guinea (C . papuanus Thorell 1888), which were supplemented by extensive and detailed descriptions . Charon annulipes Lau'To whom all correspondence should be addressed . 2Present address : Halpern Glick & Maunsell Pty Ltd, 629 Newcastle St, Leederville, Werstern Australia 6007, Australia 273 terer 1895 was described from Brisbane, Queensland. This species is now considered a nomen dubium (Harvey 1985), as the type is presumed lost, the original description is woeful, and no further specimens have been collected in Brisbane or any other portion of southeastern Queensland (Monteith 1965) . We feel that its true identity will never be known . Kraepelin (1895, 1899) subsequently synonymized Charon hoeveni, C . beccarii, C . subterraneus and C . papuanus under the single name C. gravi, and presented an illustrated redescription based upon 51 specimens from 22 different localities ranging from Malaysia to the Solomon Islands, noting significant differences which he ascribed to intraspecific variation. As discussed in detail below, we feel that Kraepelin's decision was flawed and that many of these names will be shown to be valid. Kraepelin's polytypic species concept was applied to other amblypygid genera which subsequent authors have rejected as a gross over-simplification of species-level taxonomy in these groups (Gravely 1915 ; Mullinex 1975 ; Quintero 1981) . The recent discovery of specimens of Charon from sandstone caves in the Northern Territory (Webber 1992) and from epigean localities in northern Queensland and Christmas Island are the first definitive records of the genus from Australia. These three species are formally described here . METHODS The specimens examined during the course of this study are lodged in the following institutions : Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), Museum of Tropical Queensland,