FOXP3 and its role in the immune system.
FOXP3 and its role in the immune system.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-1599-3_2
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chang H. Kim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang H. Kim
FOXP3 is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family. Unlike other members, it is mainly expressed in a subset ofCD4+ T-cells that play a suppressive role in the immune system. A function of FOXP3 is to suppress the function of NFAT and NFKB and this leads to suppression of expression of many genes including IL-2 and effector T-cell cytokines. FOXP3 acts also as a transcription activator for many genes includingCD25, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen4 (CTLA4), glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family gene (GITR)andfolate receptor 4. FOXP3+T-cells are made in the thymus and periphery. The FOXP3+T-cells made in the thymus migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues and suppress antigen priming of lymphocytes. Antigen priming of naïve FOXP3+T-cells and naïve FOXP3−T-cells leads to generation of memory FOXP3+ T-cells which are efficient in migration to nonlymphoid tissues. Memory FOXP3+T-cells are, therefore, effective in suppression of effector T-cell function, while naive FOXP3+T-cells are adept at suppressing the early immune responses in lymphoid tissues. Both naïve and memory FOXP3+T-cells are required for effective maintenance of tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases throughout the body. Many factors such as cytokines and noncytokine factors regulate the generation of FOXP3+T-cells. For example, retinoic acid, produced by the dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the intestine, works together with TGF-β1 and promotes generation of small intestine-homing FOXP3+T-cells by upregulating the expression of FOXP3 and gut homing receptors. FOXP3+T-cells can be produced in vitro from autologous naïve T-cells and, therefore, have great therapeutic potentials in treating a number of inflammatory diseases and graft rejection.
