Fractionating the unitary notion of dissociation: disembodied but not embodied dissociative experiences are associated with exocentric perspective-taking
Fractionating the unitary notion of dissociation: disembodied but not embodied dissociative experiences are associated with exocentric perspective-taking
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00719
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发表时间：
2013-10-30
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kessler, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braithwaite, Jason J.;James, Kelly;Kessler, Klaus
有人认为，幻觉似乎涉及自我中心视角的转变（例如，灵魂出窍，出窍）反映了外中心视角采取过程中的特定偏见。通过一项新设计的换位思考任务，我们研究了换位思考中的这种偏见是否存在于特定的分离异常身体体验（ABE）中，即出窍。参与者还完成了剑桥去人格化量表（CDS; Sierra and Berrios, 2000），该量表提供了额外具体化ABE（自我不现实感）和去现实感（环境不现实感）的测量。通过相应的CDS亚量表测量，OBE组和对照组之间报告的ABE、情绪麻木和感觉回忆异常水平没有可靠的差异。相比之下，与对照组相比，出窍组确实提供了显著提高的现实感丧失（“与周围环境的疏离感”CDS分量表）。与此同时，我们还发现，与对照组相比，出窍组在完成换位思考任务的各个方面都明显更有效率。总的来说，目前的研究结果支持分离典型的单一概念，提出了具身分离体验和无体分离体验之间的区别，只有后者与外中心的观点采取机制有关。我们的研究结果——通过一项生态有效的任务和一个同质的出窍小组——也呼吁重新评估出窍和观点吸收之间的关系，以促进无实体体验。
It has been argued that hallucinations which appear to involve shifts in egocentric perspective (e.g., the out-of-body experience, OBE) reflect specific biases in exocentric perspective-taking processes. Via a newly devised perspective-taking task, we examined whether such biases in perspective-taking were present in relation to specific dissociative anomalous body experiences (ABE) - namely the OBE. Participants also completed the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS; Sierra and Berrios, 2000) which provided measures of additional embodied ABE (unreality of self) and measures of derealization (unreality of surroundings). There were no reliable differences in the level of ABE, emotional numbing, and anomalies in sensory recall reported between the OBE and control group as measured by the corresponding CDS subscales. In contrast, the OBE group did provide significantly elevated measures of derealization ("alienation from surroundings" CDS subscale) relative to the control group. At the same time we also found that the OBE group was significantly more efficient at completing all aspects of the perspective-taking task relative to controls. Collectively, the current findings support fractionating the typically unitary notion of dissociation by proposing a distinction between embodied dissociative experiences and disembodied dissociative experiences - with only the latter being associated with exocentric perspective-taking mechanisms. Our findings - obtained with an ecologically valid task and a homogeneous OBE group - also call for a re-evaluation of the relationship between OBEs and perspective-taking in terms of facilitated disembodied experiences.