Individual differences in the biphasic effects of ethanol
Individual differences in the biphasic effects of ethanol
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05897.x
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
de Wit, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holdstock, L;de Wit, H
乙醇在人体内产生类似兴奋剂和类似镇静剂的主观和行为效应，这取决于剂量、摄入后的时间，我们将讨论，也取决于服用药物的个体。本研究评估了酒精在一系列剂量范围内对无问题社交饮酒者血液酒精曲线上升和下降肢体的刺激性和镇静性主观和行为影响。49名健康男性和女性，21至35岁，在四个独立的实验室会议上，以随机顺序和双盲条件下饮用含有安慰剂或乙醇（0.2，0.4或0.8 g/kg）的饮料。主观和行为反应进行了评估之前，并在定期的时间间隔3小时后摄入的饮料。与安慰剂相比，最低剂量的乙醇（0.2 g/kg）仅产生可忽略不计的主观影响。中等剂量（0.4 g/kg）增加了乙醇摄入后90分钟的镇静作用，但在任何时候都没有增加刺激作用的评级。最高剂量（0.8 g/kg）增加了上升肢中的兴奋剂和镇静剂样作用的评级，并在下降肢中仅产生镇静剂样作用。对数据进行更仔细的检查发现，对最高剂量乙醇反应的个体差异导致了这种意外的结果模式：大约一半的受试者报告了0.8 g/kg乙醇后对上升肢的刺激样作用和对下降肢的镇静样作用，而另一半在给予乙醇后的任何时间都没有报告刺激样作用。这些结果挑战了乙醇在剂量和时间上具有双相主观效应的简单假设，并扩展了先前的研究结果，表明对乙醇的反应存在个体差异。
Ethanol exerts both stimulant-like and sedative-like subjective and behavioral effects in humans depending on the dose, the time after ingestion and, we will argue, also on the individual taking the drug. This study assessed stimulant-like and sedative-like subjective and behavioral effects of ethanol during the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol curve across a range of doses in nonproblem social drinkers. Forty-nine healthy men and women, 21 to 35 years old, consumed a beverage containing placebo or ethanol (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 g/kg) on four separate laboratory sessions, in randomized order and under double-blind conditions. Subjective and behavioral responses were assessed before and at regular intervals for 3 hr after ingestion of the beverage. The lowest dose of ethanol (0.2 g/kg) only produced negligible subjective effects compared to placebo. The moderate dose (0.4 g/kg) increased sedative-like effects 90 min after ethanol ingestion but did not increase ratings of stimulant effects at any time. The highest dose (0.8 g/kg) increased ratings of both stimulant- and sedative-like effects during the ascending limb and produced only sedative-like effects during the descending limb. Closer examination of the data revealed that individual differences in response to the highest dose of ethanol accounted for this unexpected pattern of results: about half of the subjects reported stimulant-like effects on the ascending limb and sedative-like effects on the descending limb after 0.8 g/kg ethanol, whereas the other half did not report stimulant-like effects at any time after administration of ethanol. These results challenge the simple assumption that ethanol has biphasic subjective effects across both dose and time, and extend previous findings demonstrating individual differences in response to ethanol.