Invasions but not extinctions change phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm assemblage on southeastern Pacific Oceanic islands.
Invasions but not extinctions change phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm assemblage on southeastern Pacific Oceanic islands.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0182105
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Castro SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvallo GO;Castro SA
我们评估了被子植物植物群的系统发育多样性的变化，位于东南太平洋的6个大洋岛屿，比较植物群从两个时期：欧洲殖民岛屿和当前的时间。我们假设，在这些时期之间的时间，本地植物物种的灭绝和外来植物的增加在不同水平上（更深和最终的系统发育）改变了系统发育-α-多样性，并增加了岛屿之间的系统发育-β-多样性。根据植物区系研究，我们组装了一个系统发育树发生数据，包括921种，其中165和756是本地或外来的起源，分别。然后，我们通过比较前欧洲和现在的时间，研究了门α多样性和门β多样性（1 -Phylosor）的变化。尽管有18种本地被子植物灭绝，但由于引入外来植物（每个岛屿6至477种），所有研究岛屿的物种丰富度和phylo-α-多样性都有所增加。我们没有观察到平均系统发育距离（MPD）的显著变化，MPD是一种衡量组合“更深”系统发育多样性的指标（例如，目，科），这表明，无论是灭绝或引进改变了这些岛屿的被子植物的系统发育结构。在门β多样性方面，我们检测到植物群在不同时期之间的时间转换（系统发育组成的变化）（0.38 ± 0.11）。然而，当仅考虑本地植物进行分析时，我们没有观察到时期之间的显著时间转换（0.07 ± 0.06）。这些结果表明，外来被子植物的引入对所研究岛屿的植物群落结构和系统发育多样性的贡献比限制更显着。由于系统发育多样性是密切相关的功能多样性（物种性状的变化和生物体所扮演的角色），我们的研究结果表明，引进外来植物到这些岛屿可能会对生态系统功能和生态系统服务，岛屿提供（如生产力）的不利影响。
We assessed changes in phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm flora on six oceanic islands located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, by comparing flora from two periods: the pre-European colonization of islands and current times. We hypothesize that, in the time between these periods, extinction of local plant species and addition of exotic plants modified phylogenetic-α-diversity at different levels (deeper and terminal phylogeny) and increased phylo-β-diversity among islands. Based on floristic studies, we assembled a phylogenetic tree from occurrence data that includes 921 species, of which 165 and 756 were native or exotic in origin, respectively. Then, we studied change in the phylo-α-diversity and phylo-β-diversity (1 –Phylosor) by comparing pre-European and current times. Despite extinction of 18 native angiosperm species, an increase in species richness and phylo-α-diversity was observed for all islands studied, attributed to introduction of exotic plants (between 6 to 477 species per island). We did not observe significant variation of mean phylogenetic distance (MPD), a measure of the ‘deeper’ phylogenetic diversity of assemblages (e.g., orders, families), suggesting that neither extinctions nor introductions altered phylogenetic structure of the angiosperms of these islands. In regard to phylo-β-diversity, we detected temporal turnover (variation in phylogenetic composition) between periods to flora (0.38 ± 0.11). However, when analyses were performed only considering native plants, we did not observe significant temporal turnover between periods (0.07 ± 0.06). These results indicate that introduction of exotic angiosperms has contributed more notably than extinctions to the configuration of plant assemblages and phylogenetic diversity on the studied islands. Because phylogenetic diversity is closely related to functional diversity (species trait variations and roles performed by organisms), our results suggests that the introduction of exotic plants to these islands could have detrimental impacts for ecosystem functions and ecosystem services that islands provide (e.g. productivity).
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