Does the metabolic rate-flight speed relationship vary among geometrically similar birds of different mass?
Does the metabolic rate-flight speed relationship vary among geometrically similar birds of different mass?
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.02727
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发表时间：
2007-03-15
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Dial, Kenneth P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bundle, Matthew W.;Hansen, Kacia S.;Dial, Kenneth P.
基于空气动力学的考虑，所有飞行动物和飞行器的能量使用-飞行速度关系应该是U形的。然而，自从塔克在近40年前对虎皮鹦鹉进行开创性实验以来，鸟类代谢率-飞行速度关系的测量一直可用，但这项经典工作仍然是唯一发现明显U形代谢功率曲线的研究。现有的数据表明，该物种飞行的能量需求是独特的，但虎皮鹦鹉的代谢功率曲线被广泛认为是一般鸟类的代表。考虑到这些相互矛盾的结果，以及虎皮鹦鹉的质量不到已研究的下一个最小物种的50%的观察结果，我们询问大型和小型鸟类是否有不同形状的代谢功率曲线。为了解决这个问题，我们测量了在变速风洞中飞行的虎皮鹦鹉和鹦鹉的摄氧率和翼拍运动学。这些物种是亲缘关系近的，有相似的飞行风格，翅膀运动学，几何形状相似，但身体质量相差两倍。与我们的预期相反，我们发现这两个物种的代谢率与飞行速度的关系都呈尖锐的U形。我们还发现，鹦鹉和鹦鹉都没有使用他们正常的间歇性飞行风格，而戴着呼吸面罩。我们的结论是，物种大小的差异本身并不能解释以前独特的代谢功率曲线的虎皮鹦鹉，但是，由于缺乏可比数据，我们不能评估是否面具相关的运动学反应，我们的文件影响这些鹦鹉的代谢率-飞行速度的关系，或者是否飞行的能量学不同，这和其他鸟类分支。
Based on aerodynamic considerations, the energy use-flight speed relationship of all airborne animals and aircraft should be U-shaped. However, measures of the metabolic rate-flight speed relationship in birds have been available since Tucker's pioneering experiments with budgerigars nearly forty years ago, but this classic work remains the only study to have found a clearly U-shaped metabolic power curve. The available data suggests that the energetic requirements for flight within this species are unique, yet the metabolic power curve of the budgerigar is widely considered representative of birds in general. Given these conflicting results and the observation that the budgerigar's mass is less than 50% of the next smallest species to have been studied, we asked whether large and small birds have metabolic power curves of different shapes. To address this question we measured the rates of oxygen uptake and wingbeat kinematics in budgerigars and cockatiels flying within a variable-speed wind tunnel. These species are close phylogenetic relatives, have similar flight styles, wingbeat kinematics, and are geometrically similar but have body masses that differ by a factor of two. In contrast to our expectations, we found the metabolic rate-flight speed relationship of both species to be acutely U-shaped. We also found that neither budgerigars nor cockatiels used their normal intermittent flight style while wearing a respirometric mask. We conclude that species size differences alone do not explain the previously unique metabolic power curve of the budgerigar; however, due to the absence of comparable data we cannot evaluate whether the mask-related kinematic response we document influences the metabolic rate-flight speed relationship of these parrots, or whether the energetics of flight differ between this and other avian clades.