INTERFERENCE OF THREE ELECTRON WAVES BY TWO BIPRISMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN SMALL REGIONS
INTERFERENCE OF THREE ELECTRON WAVES BY TWO BIPRISMS AND ITS APPLICATION TO DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN SMALL REGIONS
复制标题
两个双棱镜对三电子波的干涉及其在小区域电磁场直接可视化中的应用
DOI：
10.1063/1.365610
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. Tonomura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Hirayama;G. Lai;T. Tanji;N. Tanaka;A. Tonomura
我们提出了一种三电子波干涉的方法，并将其应用于纯相位物体（如电磁微场）的直接可视化。利用一个装有场发射电子枪和两个电子双棱镜的透射电子显微镜，将一个物波和位于其两侧的两个参考波叠加，产生一种新型的干涉图样。在该图案中，物波的等相位线直接显示为周期性干涉条纹的强度调制。在电子束辐照下，乳胶粒子周围产生电场。根据观察到的相移，粒子的电荷估计为6.4 × 10 − 17 C，约等于400个电子。动态观察了高温下带电氧化铝颗粒周围电场的变化。从钡铁氧体颗粒出现的磁通线也可视化。
We present a method for the interference of three electron waves and its application to direct visualization of pure phase objects such as electromagnetic microfields. Using a transmission electron microscope equipped with a field-emission electron gun and two electron biprisms, an object wave and two reference waves at either side of the object wave are superposed to produce a new type of interference pattern. In this pattern, equal-phase lines of the object wave are directly displayed as intensity modulation of periodic interference fringes. An electric field around a latex particle, induced by electron-beam irradiation, has been observed. The electric charge of the particle is estimated, from observed phase shift, to be 6.4×10−17 C, which is equal to about 400 electrons. A change of the electric field around charged alumina particles at high temperatures has been observed dynamically. Magnetic flux lines emerging from a barium ferrite particle are also visualized.