Factors that predict for representation of women in physician graduate medical education
Factors that predict for representation of women in physician graduate medical education
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DOI：
10.1080/10872981.2019.1624132
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Deville, Curtiland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chapman, Christina H.;Hwang, Wei-Ting;Deville, Curtiland
背景/目的：确定与最大的医学专业中女性代表性不足相关的因素。研究方法：作者从2014年的美国医学院协会，国家住院医师匹配计划和美国医学会研究生医学教育增刊杂志中获得了关于学员和教职员工性别，住院医师计划主任（PD）评定的面试选择和排名列表形成标准的重要性以及匹配的NRMP参与者的特征的专业特定数据。他们使用线性回归来评估因素是否与参加NRMP的18个最大专业的女性受训者的代表性有关。他们假设，代表较低的学生接触或较高的研究要求的因素将与女性的代表性较低。结果：2014年，女性学员的比例从骨科的13.7%到妇产科的82.5%不等。在多变量分析中，与女性受训者比例较低的专业相关的因素是：不属于第三年核心的一部分（斜率= 0.141，p = 0.002），具有较低的专业平均第一步得分（斜率= 0.007，p = 0.017），女性教职员工的比例较低。女教员每增加1%，女学员的比例就增加1.45%（p < 0.001）。结论：两个与就业相关的因素，女性教职员工的比例和第三年的核心的一部分，与妇女作为学员的代表性不足。未来的研究可以帮助检查这些是否是因果关系。医学院和培训专业应调查加强指导和增加接触非核心专业的战略是否会增加妇女在其任职人数不足的领域的比例。
Background/Objective: To identify factors associated with underrepresentation of women in the largest medical specialties. Methods: The authors obtained specialty-specific data from the Association of American Medical Colleges, National Residency Match Program and Journal of the American Medical Association Graduate Medical Education Supplement from 2014 on the gender of trainees and faculty members, residency program director (PD)-rated importance of interview selection and rank list formation criteria, and characteristics of matched NRMP participants. They used linear regression to evaluate whether factors were associated with representation of female trainees in the 18 largest specialties that participated in the NRMP. They hypothesized that factors representing lower student exposure or higher research requirements would be associated with lower representation of women. Results: In 2014, representation of women as trainees ranged from 13.7% in Orthopedic Surgery to 82.5% in OB/Gyn. On multivariable analysis, the factors associated with specialties having lower percentages of female trainees were: not being part of the third year core (slope = 0.141, p = 0.002), having lower specialty mean step 1 scores (slope = 0.007, p = 0.017), and having lower percentages of female faculty members. For each 1% increase in female faculty, the percentage of female trainees increased by 1.45% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Two exposure-related factors, percentage of female faculty members and being part of the third year core, were associated with underrepresentation of women as trainees. Future research could help examine whether these are causal associations. Medical schools and training specialties should investigate whether strategies to enhance mentorship and increase exposure to non-core specialties will increase the proportion of women in fields in which they are underrepresented.