Importance of methyl donors during reproduction.
Importance of methyl donors during reproduction.
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.2008.26811d
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发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Zeisel, Steven H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zeisel, Steven H.
越来越多的证据表明，叶酸和胆碱的最佳饮食摄入（两者都参与1-碳转移或甲基化）对胎儿发育的成功完成很重要。很大一部分人的饮食中缺乏一种或两种营养素。叶酸对妊娠早期正常神经管闭合很重要，在饮食中添加叶酸可减少神经管缺陷的发生率，这是公共卫生营养的一个重大成功案例。同样，母体饮食中的胆碱对胎儿正常神经管闭合和妊娠后期的神经管闭合都很重要，对胎儿海马的神经发生也很重要，对成年后代的记忆也有影响；高胆碱摄入量与增强记忆力有关。虽然叶酸和胆碱都有许多可能影响胎儿发育的独立机制，但这两种营养素也有一个共同的作用机制——甲基化改变和相关的表观遗传效应对基因表达的影响。
There is growing evidence that optimal dietary intake of folate and choline (both involved in 1-carbon transfer or methylation) is important for successful completion of fetal development. Significant portions of the population are eating diets low in one, or both of these nutrients. Folates are important for normal neural tube closure in early gestation and the efficacy of diet fortification with folic acid in reducing incidence of neural tube defects is a major success story for public health nutrition. Similarly, maternal dietary choline is important for normal neural tube closure in the fetus and, later in gestation, also is important for neurogenesis in the fetal hippocampus with effects on memory that persist in adult offspring; higher choline intake being associated with enhanced memory performance. Though both folates and choline have many potentially independent mechanisms whereby they could influence fetal development, these two nutrients also have a common mechanism for action - altered methylation and related epigenetic effects on gene expression.