Apparent remote synchronization of amplitudes: A demodulation and interference effect.
Apparent remote synchronization of amplitudes: A demodulation and interference effect.
复制标题
幅度的表观远程同步：解调和干扰效应。
作者：
L. Minati;L. Faes;M. Frasca;P. Oświȩcimka;S. Drożdż
最近描述了一种“远程同步”形式，其中在一圈不相同的非线性电子振荡器上的振幅波动被带入空间结构模式。根据线性模型和互信息，同步和因果关系在一定距离处下降，然后恢复，最终消退。本文最后通过新颖的实验和模拟阐明了其潜在的机制。发现系统非线性具有双重作用：它支持混沌动力学，并使主频的低频段和高频段之间的能量交换成为可能。该频率在类似标准调幅的安排中充当载波信号，其中，低频带和解调基带信号在频谱上重叠。由于相位关系具有空间依赖性，在一定距离时，它们之间发生近完全相消干涉，导致观测到的倾角。然而，适用于检测非平凡夹带的方法，如传递熵和辅助系统方法，表明同步性和因果性实际上随着距离单调降低。因此，可以说，遥远只是表面上的，这也反映在外部扰动的传播上。这些结果证明了动态相互依赖的复杂机制，并举例说明了它如何导致错误地推断同步和因果关系。
A form of "remote synchronization" was recently described, wherein amplitude fluctuations across a ring of non-identical, non-linear electronic oscillators become entrained into spatially-structured patterns. According to linear models and mutual information, synchronization and causality dip at a certain distance, then recover before eventually fading. Here, the underlying mechanism is finally elucidated through novel experiments and simulations. The system non-linearity is found to have a dual role: it supports chaotic dynamics, and it enables the energy exchange between the lower and higher sidebands of a predominant frequency. This frequency acts as carrier signal in an arrangement resembling standard amplitude modulation, wherein the lower sideband and the demodulated baseband signals spectrally overlap. Due to a spatially-dependent phase relationship, at a certain distance near-complete destructive interference occurs between them, causing the observed dip. Methods suitable for detecting non-trivial entrainment, such as transfer entropy and the auxiliary system approach, nevertheless, reveal that synchronization and causality actually decrease with distance monotonically. Remoteness is, therefore, arguably only apparent, as also reflected in the propagation of external perturbations. These results demonstrate a complex mechanism of dynamical interdependence, and exemplify how it can lead to incorrectly inferring synchronization and causality.
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Teramae, J;Tanaka, D
通讯作者：
Tanaka, D