A multiechelon inventory model with fixed replenishment intervals
A multiechelon inventory model with fixed replenishment intervals
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DOI：
10.1287/mnsc.42.1.1
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
S. Graves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Graves
本文开发了一种新模型来研究具有随机需求的多级库存系统。对于该模型，我们假设系统中的每个站点根据按订单策略在预设时间订购，交货时间是确定性的，并且需求过程是随机的且具有独立的增量。我们引入了一种新的分配短缺库存的方案，我们称之为虚拟分配，它具有显着的可处理性。我们在两级系统的一组测试问题上运用该模型，以深入了解良好政策的结构。主要发现是中央仓库上层和零售点下层都应该持有安全库存，但大部分安全库存应该在零售点。因此，中央仓库缺货的可能性很大。此外，我们表明虚拟分配规则对于测试问题集来说接近最优。
This paper develops a new model for studying multiechelon inventory systems with stochastic demand. For the model we assume that each site in the system orders at preset times according to an order-up-to policy, that delivery times are deterministic, and that the demand processes are stochastic with independent increments. We introduce a new scheme for allocating stock in short supply, which we call virtual allocation and which permits significant tractability. We exercise the model on a set of test problems for two-echelon systems to get insight into the structure of good policies. The primary findings are that both the central warehouse upper echelon and the retail sites lower echelon should hold safety stock, but that most of the safety stock should be at the retail sites. Consequently, the central warehouse will stock out with high probability. Furthermore, we show that the virtual allocation rule is near optimal for the set of test problems.