International migration at the beginning of the twenty-first century: global trends and issues
International migration at the beginning of the twenty-first century: global trends and issues
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-2451.00258
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Castles, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Castles, S
全球化导致各种跨境流动的增加，包括人员流动。近年来，国际移徙数量增加，现已成为世界所有区域社会变革的一个重要因素。各国将移徙者分为若干类别，并设法鼓励某些类型的流动，同时限制其他类型的流动。然而，如果控制措施不是基于对移徙的经济、社会和文化动态的了解，则往往是无效的。本文回顾了移民的原因和模式，并讨论了一些关键问题：移民与发展，国际合作，定居和种族多样性，以及移民对民族国家的挑战。有人认为，大多数国家政府对移徙问题采取了短期和被动的做法。国际监管方面的努力也相对不足。有必要制定长期合作战略，以实现商定的目标，例如：确保有秩序的移徙，防止代理人和招聘者的剥削;保障移徙者的人权;使移徙成为可持续发展的工具;避免与移徙者接收地区的人口发生冲突，并最大限度地发挥社会和文化变革的积极方面。
Globalisation leads to increases in all kinds of cross-border flows, including movements of people. In recent years international migration has grown in volume, and is now an important factor of social transformation in all regions of the world. States classify migrants into certain categories, and seek to encourage certain types of mobility while restricting others. However, control measures are often ineffective if they are not based on understanding of the economic, social and cultural dynamics of migration. The article reviews causes and patterns of migration, and discusses some key issues: migration and development, international cooperation, settlement and ethnic diversity, and migration as a challenge to the nation-state. It is argued that most national governments have taken a shortterm and reactive approach to migration. Efforts at international regulation are also relatively under-developed. There is a need for long-term cooperative strategies to achieve agreed goals such as: ensuring orderly migration and preventing exploitation by agents and recruiters; safeguarding the human rights of migrants; making migration an instrument of sustainable development; avoiding conflicts with populations of migrant-receiving areas, and maximising positive aspects of social and cultural change.