The Harmattan over West Africa: nocturnal structure and frontogenesis

The Harmattan over West Africa: nocturnal structure and frontogenesis
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西非上空的哈马坦:夜间结构和锋生

DOI:
10.1002/qj.2036
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Burton R
Burton R
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burton R

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本文介绍了对西非上空低层夜间大气结构的观测和模式模拟。这些测量数据取自2006年1月23日和24日在尼日尔尼亚美的非洲季风多学科分析(AMMA)的旱季特别观察期(SOP‐0)。在此期间,观测了大气气溶胶负荷的中尺度结构。现有的观测结果表明,尼亚美的这些中尺度特征与北风哈玛坦的重力流或孔的通过是一致的。分辨率低至1公里的模式模拟表明,中尺度结构是由冬季撒哈拉以南斜压区夜间锋生引起的。这种锋生现象是一种大陆尺度的现象,对该地区粉尘和生物质燃烧气溶胶的抬升和运输具有重要意义。在模式模拟中,伴随的锋生特征出现在更南的地方,与冬季热带锋面有关。锋面形成可能与具有典型中尺度现象特征的构造发育有关,包括内孔和重力流。讨论了这些特征在不同分辨率(从12公里到1公里)的英国气象局统一模型中的表示。
This article presents observations and model simulations of the low‐level nocturnal structure of the atmosphere over West Africa. The measurements are taken from the dry‐season Special Observing Period (SOP‐0) of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), at Niamey, Niger, on 23 and 24 January 2006. During this time, mesoscale structures in the atmospheric aerosol loadings were observed. The available observations indicate that these mesoscale features at Niamey are consistent with the passage of gravity currents or bores in the northerly Harmattan winds.Model simulations at resolutions down to 1 km indicate that the mesoscale structures are caused by nocturnal frontogenesis in the baroclinic zone to the south of the Sahara in the winter months. This frontogenesis is a continental‐scale phenomenon, which has significant implications for the uplift and transport of dust and biomass‐burning aerosols in the region. An accompanying frontogenetic feature appears further south in the model simulations, associated with the winter intertropical front. The frontogenesis is possibly linked with the development of structures showing characteristics of canonical mesoscale phenomena, including internal bores and gravity currents. Representation of these features in the UK Met Office Unified Model at different resolutions (from 12 km to 1 km) is discussed.
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