Arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam: A human health threat
Arsenic contamination of groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam: A human health threat
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DOI：
10.1021/es010027y
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Giger, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berg, M;Tran, HC;Giger, W
这是关于河内市和周围农村地区红河冲积带砷污染的第一份出版物。由于沉积物中天然存在的有机物，地下水是缺氧的，富含铁。平均砷浓度为159 μ g/L，污染水平从1到3050 μ g/L的农村地下水样品从私人小规模管井。在一个受影响严重的农村地区，直接用作饮用水的地下水的平均浓度为430微克/升。对从较低含水层抽取的用于河内供水的原地下水的分析表明，八个处理厂中有三个的砷含量为240-320 mug/L，另外五个处理厂的砷含量为37-82 mug/L。在处理厂用于除铁的曝气和砂滤将砷浓度降低到25-91 mug/L的水平，但50%仍高于越南标准50 mug/L。五个钻孔岩芯沉积物样品的提取物显示砷和铁含量的相关性（r（2）= 0.700，n = 64）。沉积物中的砷可能与铁的氢氧化物结合，并通过铁的还原溶解释放到地下水中。硫化物相的氧化也会释放砷到地下水中，但沉积物中的硫浓度低于1 mg/g。在管井中发现的高砷浓度（48%高于50 mug/L，20%高于150 mug/L）表明，数百万人饮用未经处理的地下水可能有相当大的慢性砷中毒风险。
This is the first publication on arsenic contamination of the Red River alluvial tract in the city of Hanoi and in the surrounding rural districts. Due to naturally occurring organic matter in the sediments, the groundwaters are anoxic and rich in iron. With an average arsenic concentration of 159 mug/L, the contamination levels varied from 1 to 3050 mug/L in rural groundwater samples from private small-scale tubewells. In a highly affected rural area, the groundwater used directly as drinking water had an average concentration of 430 mug/L. Analysis of raw groundwater pumped from the lower aquifer for the Hanoi water supply yielded arsenic levels of 240-320 mug/L in three of eight treatment plants and 37-82 mug/L in another five plants. Aeration and sand filtration that are applied in the treatment plants for iron removal lowered the arsenic concentrations to levels of 25-91 mug/L, but 50% remained above the Vietnamese Standard of 50 mug/L. Extracts of sediment samples from five bore cores showed a correlation of arsenic and iron contents (r(2) = 0.700, n = 64). The arsenic in the sediments may be associated with iron oxyhydroxides and released to the groundwater by reductive dissolution of iron. Oxidation of sulfide phases could also release arsenic to the groundwater, but sulfur concentrations in sediments were below 1 mg/g. The high arsenic concentrations found in the tubewells (48% above 50 mug/L and 20% above 150 mug/L) indicate that several million people consuming untreated groundwater might be at a considerable risk of chronic arsenic poisoning.